A laminate that improves barrier properties of an atomic layer deposition film in spite of use of a substrate made of a polymer material, and provides a gas barrier film and a method of producing the same. The laminate includes: a substrate made a polymer material; an undercoat layer disposed on at least part of a surface of the substrate and made up of an inorganic material containing Ta; and an atomic layer deposition film disposed so as to cover a surface of the undercoat layer.

A laminate that improves barrier properties of an atomic layer deposition film in spite of use of a substrate made of a polymer material, and provides a gas barrier film and a method of producing the same. The laminate includes: a substrate made a polymer material; an undercoat layer disposed on at least part of a surface of the substrate and made up of an inorganic material containing Ta; and an atomic layer deposition film disposed so as to cover a surface of the undercoat layer.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer film comprising aluminum, chromium, oxygen and nitrogen, in a vacuum coating chamber, the multilayer film comprising layers of type A and layers of type B deposited alternate one of each other, wherein during deposition of the multilayer film at least one target comprising aluminum and chromium is operated as cathode by means of a PVD technique and used in this manner as material source for supplying aluminum and chromium, and an oxygen gas flow and a nitrogen gas flow are introduced as reactive gases in the vacuum chamber for reacting with aluminum and chromium, thereby supplying oxygen and nitrogen for forming the multilayer film, characterized in that: —The A layers are deposited as oxynitride layers of Al—Cr—O—N by using nitrogen and oxygen as reactive gas at the same time, —The B layers are deposited as nitride layers of Al—Cr—N by reducing the oxygen gas flow and by increasing the nitrogen gas flow in order to use only nitrogen as reactive gas for the formation of the Al—Cr—N layer, and wherein the relation between oxygen content and nitrogen content in the multilayer film correspond to a ratio in atomic percentage having a value between and including 1.8 and 4.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition; a glass coating provided on the surface of the base steel sheet; and a tension-applying insulation coating provided on the surface of the glass coating, in which linear thermal strains having, a predetermined angle (φ) with respect to a transverse direction which is a direction orthogonal to a rolling direction are periodically formed on the surface of the tension-applying insulation coating at predetermined intervals along the rolling direction, a full width at half maximum F1 on the linear thermal strain and a full width at half maximum F2 at an intermediate position between the two linear thermal strains adjacent to each other satisfy 0.00<(F1−F2)/F2≤0.15, the width of the linear thermal strain is 10 μm or more and 300 μm or less, and in the base steel sheet, an orientation distribution angle γ around a rolling direction axis of secondary recrystallization grains, an orientation distribution angle α around an axis parallel to a normal direction, and an orientation distribution angle β around an axis perpendicular to each of the RD axis and the ND axis in units of ° satisfy 1.0≤γ≤8.0 and 0.0≤(α.sup.2+β.sup.2).sup.0.5≤10.0.

A method of forming a coating includes disposing a substrate having a plurality of protrusions on a seal and layering a topcoat over the protrusions. The method of forming a coating also includes creating a wear pattern and converting the topcoat. A turbine section includes a casing, a plurality of blades within the casing, and a substrate deposited on the casing having a plurality of protrusions. The turbine also includes an unconverted topcoat disposed over the plurality of protrusions, the topcoat having segmented portions defining a plurality of faults extending from the protrusions through the topcoat. A method of forming a coating includes creating a channel in the coating during an initial rub event and converting the coating during a high-temperature event. Converting the coating includes preserving the channel created during the initial rub event.

The invention relates to the use of a carbonaceous coating for protection of a passive electrical component from attack by ammonia, wherein the carbonaceous coating is a sol-gel coating or a plasma-polymeric coating. This coating comprises a particular carbon content.

The invention relates to the use of a carbonaceous coating for protection of a passive electrical component from attack by ammonia, wherein the carbonaceous coating is a sol-gel coating or a plasma-polymeric coating. This coating comprises a particular carbon content.

In one example, a method for forming an environmental barrier coating (EBC) and/or abradable coating on a substrate. The method may include depositing a coating on a ceramic or ceramic matrix composite (CMC) substrate to form an as-deposited coating, wherein the coating includes at least one of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) and an abradable coating. The method further comprises heat treating the as-deposited coating at or above a first temperature for a first period of time following the deposition of the as-deposited coating on the substrate, wherein heat treating the as-deposited coating includes heating the as-deposited coating to or above the first temperature at a controlled rate. The heat treatment may be configured to at least one of decrease the open pores and/or microcracks of the heat-treated coating compared to the as-deposited coating or control a grain size of the heat-treated coating.

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a mid-infrared lens, which includes the following steps: placing a lens in the path of a far-infrared radiation source, enabling the lens to receive the far infrared rays; immersing the lens in a hardening liquid, causing the hardening liquid to coat the lens, wherein the hardening liquid is an intermixture of silicone and isopropanol or an intermixture of silicone and methanol, and a far-infrared material or a far-infrared composite material is additionally added to the hardening liquid; placing the lens coated with the hardening liquid in a drying space to dry, causing the hardening liquid to dry and harden and form a hardened layer on the surface of the lens. The temperature of the drying space lies between 80 and 120° C., and the drying time lies between 1 and 10 hours.

Methods and systems for forming a structure including multiple carbon layers and structures formed using the method or system are disclosed. Exemplary methods include forming a first carbon layer and a second carbon layer, wherein a density and/or other property of the first carbon layer differs from the corresponding property of the second carbon layer.