A cutting tool comprises a rake face and a flank face, the cutting tool being composed of a substrate made of a cubic boron nitride sintered material and a coating provided on the substrate, the coating including a MAlN layer, when a cross section of the MAlN layer is subjected to an electron backscattering diffraction image analysis to determine a crystal orientation of each of the crystal grains of the M.sub.xAl.sub.1−xN and a color map is created based thereon, then on the color map, the flank face having the MAlN layer occupied in area by 45% to 75% by crystal grains of the M.sub.xAl.sub.1−xN having a (111) plane with a normal thereto extending in a direction within 25 degrees with respect to a direction in which a normal to the flank face extends, the MAlN layer having a residual stress of −2 GPa to −0.1 GPa.

A coated cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating layer formed on a surface of the substrate, and has a rake face and a flank. The coating layer comprises an alternating laminate structure in which first compound layers containing AlN and second compound layers containing a compound are laminated in an alternating manner, the compound having a composition represented by formula (1) below:

(Ti.sub.1-xAl.sub.x)N  (1)

(wherein x satisfies 0.40≤x≤0.70). An average thickness T.sub.1 per first compound layer is 5 nm or more to 160 nm or less, and an average thickness T.sub.2 per second compound layer is 8 nm or more to 200 nm or less. A ratio of T.sub.1 to T.sub.2 is 0.10 or more to 0.80 or less. An average thickness T.sub.3 of the alternating laminate structure is 2.5 μm or more to 7.0 μm or less. A ratio (H/E) of hardness H to elastic modulus E is 0.065 or more to 0.085 or less at the rake face or the flank.

A bioactive coated substrate includes a base substrate, an outermost bioactive layer disposed over the base substrate, and a topcoat layer disposed on the outermost bioactive layer. Characteristically, the topcoat layer defines a plurality of pinholes that expose the outermost bioactive layer. A method for forming the bioactive coated substrate is also provided.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface and a second major surface, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 30 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 30 atomic % or more, a second region having a distance of more than 30 nm and 100 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and less than 30 atomic %, and a third region having a distance exceeding 100 nm from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including cubic Al.sub.xTi.sub.(1-x)N crystal grains, an atomic ratio x of Al in the Al.sub.xTi.sub.(1-x)N being 0.7 or more and 0.95 or less, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface on a side of a surface of the cutting tool and a second major surface on a side of the substrate, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less from the first major surface, and a second region having a distance of more than 100 nm and 150 nm or less from the first major surface, the first region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, the second region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

A surface coated cutting tool comprises a base material and a coating layer that coats the base material, the coating layer including an alternate layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer alternately stacked, the first unit layer being composed of a nitride containing aluminum and zirconium, in the first unit layer, when the total number of metal atoms constituting the first unit layer is represented as 1, a ratio thereto of the number of atoms of the zirconium being not less than 0.65 and not more than 0.95, the second unit layer being composed of a nitride containing titanium and silicon, in the second unit layer, when the total number of metal atoms constituting the second unit layer is represented as 1, a ratio thereto of the number of atoms of the silicon being larger than 0 and not more than 0.20.

A coating film has a multilayer structure including stacked nanosheets of an inorganic oxide and has a thickness of a certain level or more, as well as a composite material containing a metallic material and the coating film provided on the metallic material.

An aft aerodynamic fairing of an aircraft engine pylon including at least two side panels, wherein each side panel is made of titanium or of titanium alloy and wherein at least one anti-oxidation protective layer, including a layer composed of a chemically inert ceramic material is deposited on the external faces of each side panel that, when the aircraft engine pylon is in use, are in contact with an aerodynamic flow.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating layer provided on the substrate, the coating layer including a multilayer structure layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer, and a lone layer, the lone layer including cubic Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN crystal grains, an atomic ratio z of Ti in the Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN being 0.55 or more and 0.7 or less, the lone layer having a thickness with an average value of 2.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, the multilayer structure layer having a thickness with an average value of 40 nm or more and 95 nm or less, one multilayer structure layer and one lone layer forming a repetitive unit having a thickness with an average value of 50 nm to 100 nm, a maximum value of 90 nm to 110 nm, and a minimum value of 40 nm to 60 nm.

A coated cutting tool including a substrate and a coating is provided. The coating includes a nano-multilayer of alternating layers of a first nanolayer being Ti.sub.1-xAl.sub.xN, 0.35≤x≤0.70, and a second nanolayer being Ti.sub.1-yAl.sub.yN, 0.12≤y≤0.25. A sequence of one first nanolayer and one second nanolayer forms a layer period. The average layer period thickness in the nano-multilayer is ≤7 nm. The nanomultilayer has a columnar structure with an average column width of ≤70 nm.