Porous solid materials are provided. The porous solid materials include a plurality of interconnected wires forming an ordered network. The porous solid materials may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 2 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 90 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 3% and 90% and an electrical conductivity higher than 100 S/cm. The porous solid materials may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 3 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 72 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 80% and 95% and an electrical conductivity higher than 100 S/cm. The porous solid materials (100) may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 3 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 85 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 65% and 90% and an electrical conductivity higher than 2000 S/cm. Methods for the fabrication of such porous solid materials and devices including such porous solid material are also disclosed.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing, a metal surface treatment agent capable of exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and excellent coating adhesion in painted metal materials; and a metal surface treatment method using the metal surface treatment agent. The problem is solved by a pretreatment agent that is used in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material, the pretreatment agent containing: a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. The problem is also solved by a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and has a pH of 1.5 to 6.5.

Provided is a method for treating a surface of an aluminum article capable of imparting an effective anchoring effect to a surface of the aluminum article and enabling a strong chemical bond between the surface of the aluminum article and an organic material layer such as a coated resin layer or a laminated FRP applied to the surface without using a chemical solution that is not easy to treat. In the method for treating a surface of an aluminum article according to the present invention, the surface of the aluminum article is subjected to at least one of an etching treatment, a boehmite treatment, and a zirconium treatment, and then further subjected to at least one of a silane coupling agent treatment, an isocyanate compound treatment, and a thiol compound treatment.

Various embodiments provide ice mitigating surface coatings and methods for applying ice mitigating surface coatings. Various embodiment ice mitigating surface coatings may be formed by hydrolysis of one or more substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes terminated with functionalities having the following characteristics with respect to water: 1) non-polar interactions; 2) hydrogen bonding through donor and acceptor interactions; or 3) hydrogen bonding through acceptor interactions only. The substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes of the various embodiments may include methyl terminated species, hydroxyl terminated species, ethylene glycol terminated species, and methoxyethylene glycol terminated species. Various embodiment ice mitigating surface coatings may be applied to metal surfaces, such as aluminum surfaces. Various embodiment substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes may have an aliphatic chain that is saturated and liner or branched or that is partially unsaturated and liner or branched.

The invention relates to a process for treating a metal alloy part, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: —producing a stock formulation by mixing, in equal molar parts of silicon, an alcoholic solution of hydrolysed epoxysilane and an alcoholic solution of hydrolysed aminosilane, —mixing the stock formulation with a suspension comprising conductive nanowires in an amount by weight of between 0.1% and 10% relative to the total weight of the stock formulation in order to obtain a dilute formulation, and —depositing the dilute formulation on the part in order to obtain the coating.

Described herein is a method for treatment of a metallic surface, including the step of (A) contacting the metallic surface with a first aqueous composition, and a subsequent step of (B) contacting the metallic surface subsequent to step (A) with a second aqueous composition. Also described herein is a kit-of-parts including the first and second aqueaous compostition and a kit-of-parts including master-batches of the first and second aqueous compostions. Also descibed is a method of using the kit-of-parts for treating a metallic surface and substrates including the thus treated metallic surfaces.

At least one embodiment relates to a method fabricating a solid-state battery cell. The method includes forming a plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures on a substrate. Forming the plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures on the substrate includes transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. Transforming at least part of the valve metal layer into the template includes a first anodization step, a second anodization step, an etching step in an etching solution, and a deposition step. The method also includes forming a first layer of active electrode material on the plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures, depositing an electrolyte layer over the first layer of active electrode material, and forming a second layer of active electrode material over the electrolyte later.

Invention relates to corrosion-inhibiting compositions and the process of using said compositions to protect metal from corrosion. The compositions comprise of sulfonates, a carboxylic-sulfonic acid metal complex, antioxidants, fluorinated copolymers, hydrophobic silanes and siloxane additives and solvent.

A composite panel having a plurality of carbon plies, a perforated metallic foil comprising several apertures and being secured to the plurality of carbon plies, and a protective layer made from resin secured to the metallic foil. The perforated metallic foil is embedded in the protective layer through its apertures. A free surface of the protective layer forms a top side of the composite panel. The thickness of the protective layer between the top side of the composite panel and the perforated metallic foil is at least 15 micrometers and the perforated metallic foil has a thickness of not more than 30 micrometers. The plurality of apertures in the aggregate defines an open area of not more than 40% of the surface area and a maximum distance between two opposed points in a perimeter of an aperture is equal to or less than 3 mm

An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment liquid and a treatment method that are capable of enhancing the corrosion resistance of a net material. This object is achieved by, after forming a chemical conversion treatment film on the surface of a metal material, forming a film using a film-forming treatment liquid, the treatment liquid comprising: a silicon compound containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkoxysilyl, alkoxysilylene, and a siloxane bond; an organometallic compound; and water.