A cooking apparatus including an enamel coating layer having an improved cleaning efficiency and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The cooking apparatus includes a cooking compartment configured to accommodate a cooking object, a door configured to open and close the cooking compartment, and an enamel coating layer provided on a surface of the cooking compartment. The enamel coating layer includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, 5% or less (excluding 0%) of a silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), 10% to 20% of an aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 10% to 20% of a phosphorous pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), 5% to 15% of a rare earth oxide, and 5% to 10% of a ferric oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3).

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5); 5 to 20 wt % of one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3); 1 to 35 wt % of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO); and 5 to 30 wt % of one or more of manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or nickel oxide (NiO). The enamel composition may be cleaned without being putting it into water.

An aluminum member exhibits improved alkali resistance with respect to an anodic oxide coating. The highly alkali-resistant aluminum member includes a material that includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an anodic oxide coating that is formed on the surface of the material, and a coating layer that is formed on the anodic oxide coating, and includes a siloxane glass component in a ratio of 90 mass % or more, wherein the coating layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 μm and a coating mass of 0.4 to 5.0 g/m.sup.2.

An aluminum member exhibits improved alkali resistance with respect to an anodic oxide coating. The highly alkali-resistant aluminum member includes a material that includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an anodic oxide coating that is formed on the surface of the material, and a coating layer that is formed on the anodic oxide coating, and includes a siloxane glass component in a ratio of 90 mass % or more, wherein the coating layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 μm and a coating mass of 0.4 to 5.0 g/m.sup.2.

A dry composition comprising 2 to 30 weight percent R.sub.2O (wherein R.sub.2O is an alkali metal oxide, K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof); 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2; and 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Aqueous solutions and/or colloidal suspensions (thus referred to as solution-suspensions) are used to blend to give a liquid-binder which, on drying, contains the composition within the range given above in the R.sub.2O—SiO.sub.2—B.sub.2O.sub.3 system. The dry composition is mixed with sufficient H.sub.2O to form the solution-suspensions. As described herein H.sub.2O may also be present in some additional additive.

An oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate is provided, which may comprise a base layer comprising a first pre-slurry composition comprising a first phosphate glass composition, and/or a sealing layer comprising a second pre-slurry composition comprising a second phosphate glass composition and a strengthening compound comprising boron nitride, a metal oxide, and/or silicon carbide.

The present invention discloses a hard and wear resistant titanium alloy and a method of preparing the hard and wear resistant titanium alloy utilizing laser cladding method. A glass-ceramic composite of SiO.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3—ZrO.sub.2—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—K.sub.2O—Na.sub.2O—B.sub.2O.sub.3 is coated on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate utilizing laser cladding. The laser cladding method replaces the need of industrial furnaces and reduces the amount of pollutants entering the atmosphere. The titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy coated with the glass ceramic composite could be used in the aviation and maritime industries, instead of nickel and cobalt-based superalloys, to significantly reduce costs.

The present invention discloses a hard and wear resistant titanium alloy and a method of preparing the hard and wear resistant titanium alloy utilizing laser cladding method. A glass-ceramic composite of SiO.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3—ZrO.sub.2—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—K.sub.2O—Na.sub.2O—B.sub.2O.sub.3 is coated on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate utilizing laser cladding. The laser cladding method replaces the need of industrial furnaces and reduces the amount of pollutants entering the atmosphere. The titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy coated with the glass ceramic composite could be used in the aviation and maritime industries, instead of nickel and cobalt-based superalloys, to significantly reduce costs.

The present invention relates to an abradable coating for a turbine engine part, characterized by the fact that said coating includes a layer made of an abradable material, the surface asperities of which are filled with thermally bonded ceramic grains, forming a smooth, free surface having a low roughness.

The present invention relates to an abradable coating for a turbine engine part, characterized by the fact that said coating includes a layer made of an abradable material, the surface asperities of which are filled with thermally bonded ceramic grains, forming a smooth, free surface having a low roughness.