An additive comprising one or more C.sub.3-C.sub.12 hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or one or more C.sub.3-C.sub.12 hydroxycarboxylic acid salts may be added to an aqueous system having galvanized metallurgy or a carbon steel surface in an effective amount to passivate a galvanized coating on the metallurgy or to decrease white rust formation or other types of corrosion upon the galvanized metallurgy or carbon steel surface in an aqueous system. In a non-limiting embodiment, the C.sub.3-C.sub.12 hydroxycarboxylic acid or the C.sub.3-C.sub.12 hydroxycarboxylic acid salt additive may utilize the zinc in the galvanized coating to achieve passivation. The passivation may occur while the system is shut down or in service. The aqueous system may be or include a cooling tower, a cooling water system, and combinations thereof. The additive may be used with or in the absence of a phosphorous-containing compound.

A composition for application to a metal substrate comprises a metal cation, an azole compound and an aqueous carrier. A composition for coating a substrate comprises a carrier comprising an epoxy carrier, a urethane carrier, or a fluorinated urethane carrier, and an azole compound. A coated substrate includes the composition for application to a metal substrate and a coating on the composition. A method of fabricating a coated substrate comprises applying the composition to a substrate, allowing the composition to dry to form a conversion coating, and applying a coating on the conversion coating.

A composition for application to a metal substrate comprises a metal cation, an azole compound and an aqueous carrier. A composition for coating a substrate comprises a carrier comprising an epoxy carrier, a urethane carrier, or a fluorinated urethane carrier, and an azole compound. A coated substrate includes the composition for application to a metal substrate and a coating on the composition. A method of fabricating a coated substrate comprises applying the composition to a substrate, allowing the composition to dry to form a conversion coating, and applying a coating on the conversion coating.

A heat transfer fluid or thermal management system fluid that includes a freezing point depressant; water having an electrical conductivity less than 5 ?S/cm; and a corrosion inhibitor composition that includes one or more electrically non-conductive, low electrical conductivity corrosion inhibitors, or a combination of one or more organic acid and one or more organic base; wherein a conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is less than or equal to about 500 ?S/cm.

A system for inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines. The system includes a solid formulation comprising a corrosion inhibitor; a container structured and arranged to permit the flow of fluids therethrough and confine the solid formulation; and a module structured and arranged to position the container within a flowpath of the pipeline or flowline and maintain its axial position. A method of inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines and an apparatus for inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines are also provided.

A system for inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines. The system includes a solid formulation comprising a corrosion inhibitor; a container structured and arranged to permit the flow of fluids therethrough and confine the solid formulation; and a module structured and arranged to position the container within a flowpath of the pipeline or flowline and maintain its axial position. A method of inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines and an apparatus for inhibiting the corrosion of pipelines and flowlines are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a heat transfer fluid additive composition comprising: greater than or equal to 10 weight percent (wt %) of a carboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the composition; an azole compound; and a base, wherein the base is present in an amount sufficient to obtain a pH 8-10.5 when diluted by 50 volume % with water. The heat transfer fluid additive composition can be combined with other components to form a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid can be used in a heat transfer system.

The present invention relates to a water treatment composition comprising blended phosphates which exhibit a synergistic effect for corrosion and scale control and as a sequestering chemical treatment of potable water and more particularly to chemistry which lowers the phosphate concentration necessary to achieve effective corrosion prevention. The composition controls corrosion and cleans the water distribution line by removing scale, tuberculation, and biofilm. Sequestration of the heavy metals and soft metals such as iron, manganese, calcium, and magnesium provides complete solubility of the material to be removed from the metal surface. The inclusion of citric acid with the blended phosphate formula improves drinking water quality in 2 ways: 1) a reducing agent reverses the oxidation of metals which would convert metal to metal salts (copper/lead, etc.) and 2) by chelation, it encapsulates transition metal cations, especially Manganese and Iron, found while source water passes through the treatment process and the drinking water distribution piping network.

The present invention relates to a water treatment composition comprising blended phosphates which exhibit a synergistic effect for corrosion and scale control and as a sequestering chemical treatment of potable water and more particularly to chemistry which lowers the phosphate concentration necessary to achieve effective corrosion prevention. The composition controls corrosion and cleans the water distribution line by removing scale, tuberculation, and biofilm. Sequestration of the heavy metals and soft metals such as iron, manganese, calcium, and magnesium provides complete solubility of the material to be removed from the metal surface. The inclusion of citric acid with the blended phosphate formula improves drinking water quality in 2 ways: 1) a reducing agent reverses the oxidation of metals which would convert metal to metal salts (copper/lead, etc.) and 2) by chelation, it encapsulates transition metal cations, especially Manganese and Iron, found while source water passes through the treatment process and the drinking water distribution piping network.

In a plant including a system which is provided with a steam generator 2, a turbine 3, 5, a condenser 6 and a heater 7 and in which non-deaerated water circulates, and a pipe, the steam generator 2, the heater 7 and 8 of the system which comes into contact with the non-deaerated water is deposited with a protective substance.