An electrical contact element formed of sheet metal having a first region and a second region. Each one of the first and second regions is coated with a coating including a first layer containing a first material having a lower standard electrode potential than the sheet metal material. The coating includes a second layer in the first region which is absent in the second region. The second layer is arranged underneath the first layer and contains a second material that has a lower standard electrode potential than the first material.

An EMS exercise device is provided which includes EMS electrodes and at least one sacrificial anode, preferably a dedicated sacrificial anode for each EMS electrode. The at least one sacrificial anode is connected to the EMS electrodes in an electrically conductive manner in order to protect the EMS electrodes and/or other elements in the electrically conductive connections from corrosion. In addition, an EMS electrode with a sacrificial anode, an EMS garment a sacrificial anode, an EMS signal cable a sacrificial anode, an EMS pulse generating unit a sacrificial anode, and an EMS undergarment with a sacrificial anode for an EMS exercise device are provided, and a method for operating an EMS exercise device, for which a sacrificial anode is provided.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a primary contact or primary body comprising of a primary material with a propensity to corrode. A location on a surface of the primary body is an active location and functions to interface with a secondary body. The active location has a first surface and an oppositely disposed second surface. An anode material is applied to the second surface adjacent to the active location on the first surface. The primary body is exposed to a corrosive material. The anode material functions to divert a galvanic corrosive medium from the active location to the applied anode material.

The present invention relates to a battery cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a battery module comprising the same, and a battery cell related to one example of the present invention comprises an electrode assembly, a case accommodating the electrode assembly, a plating layer formed on an outer surface of the case, a scratch region formed by removing a partial region of the plating layer, and a porous coating layer provided to surround the scratch region and containing a sacrificial material having a higher metal ionization tendency than that of the plating layer.

A battery pack may include a plurality of battery cells and a reversible memory metal-based connector that transitions between a deformed state to an undeformed state in response to a temperature trigger. For example, the reversible memory metal-based connector may be a clamp, a coil, a tubing, and/or the like. The reversible memory metal-based connector in the deformed state may physically connect two or more of the plurality of battery cells such that an electrical current is able to flow between the two or more battery cells. The reversible memory-metal based connector in the undeformed state is physically disconnected from the two or more battery cells to disrupt a flow of current between the two or more battery cells.