A system for descaling heat exchanger surfaces using a varying concentration of either an acidic or alkaline solution, selecting an optimum pH value for descaling a heat exchanger according to the level of cleaning the heat exchanger requires, monitoring pH value of descaling solution during circulation through a heat exchanger, and adding chemical solution to achieve coincidence of optimum and monitored pH values during descaling operation.

A method of manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel pipe includes: preparing a hollow shell, S1; a pickling step, S3-2, in which the hollow shell is immersed in nitrohydrofluoric acid solution at a temperature below 50 C.; after pickling step S3-2, a high-pressure water washing step, S4, in which high-pressure water is injected onto the outer surface of the hollow shell to clean the outer surface of the hollow shell; after high-pressure water washing step S4, a hot-water immersion step, S5, in which the hollow shell is immersed in hot water if necessary; and spraying gas onto the surface of the hollow shell, S6, before a lapse of 15 minutes from completion of high-pressure water washing step S4 or hot-water immersion step S5.

A method of manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel pipe includes: preparing a hollow shell, S1; a pickling step, S3-2, in which the hollow shell is immersed in nitrohydrofluoric acid solution at a temperature below 50 C.; after pickling step S3-2, a high-pressure water washing step, S4, in which high-pressure water is injected onto the outer surface of the hollow shell to clean the outer surface of the hollow shell; after high-pressure water washing step S4, a hot-water immersion step, S5, in which the hollow shell is immersed in hot water if necessary; and spraying gas onto the surface of the hollow shell, S6, before a lapse of 15 minutes from completion of high-pressure water washing step S4 or hot-water immersion step S5.

A method of treating or maintaining an apparatus is achieved by subjecting at least one treated component of an apparatus to electrochemical corrosion protection. The treated component has surfaces treated with a coating of a treatment composition of a colloidal particle dispersion having inorganic nanoparticles with an average particle size from 500 nm or less that exhibit properties of Brownian motion. At least some of the inorganic nanoparticles are ionically charged nanoparticles, and wherein at least some of the ionically charged nanoparticles reside on the surfaces when the at least one treated component of an apparatus is subjected to electrochemical corrosion protection.

Devices and methods for descaling a pipeline utilizing a hybrid tool assembly are provided. The hybrid tool assembly includes an assembly head body which includes a bottom surface connected to the circumferential surface. The bottom surface defines an acid jetting opening, a water jetting opening, a gas purge opening and a laser opening. An acid jetting subassembly is fluidically coupled to the acid jetting opening and configured to jet acid onto the scales. A water jetting subassembly is fluidically coupled to the water jetting opening and configured to jet water. A gas purge subassembly is fluidically coupled to the gas purge opening and configured to purge gas. A laser subassembly is functionally coupled to the laser opening and configured to generate a laser beam. The gas purge subassembly is configured to operate together with at least one of the acid jetting subassembly, the water jetting subassembly or the laser subassembly.

Devices and methods for descaling a pipeline utilizing a hybrid tool assembly are provided. The hybrid tool assembly includes an assembly head body which includes a bottom surface connected to the circumferential surface. The bottom surface defines an acid jetting opening, a water jetting opening, a gas purge opening and a laser opening. An acid jetting subassembly is fluidically coupled to the acid jetting opening and configured to jet acid onto the scales. A water jetting subassembly is fluidically coupled to the water jetting opening and configured to jet water. A gas purge subassembly is fluidically coupled to the gas purge opening and configured to purge gas. A laser subassembly is functionally coupled to the laser opening and configured to generate a laser beam. The gas purge subassembly is configured to operate together with at least one of the acid jetting subassembly, the water jetting subassembly or the laser subassembly.

A system includes a pipe for transporting one or more fluids, the pipe including a scale deposit formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof and defining a reduced diameter flow area within the pipe, and a hybrid descaling tool sized to be received within the pipe. The hybrid descaling tool includes a laser head comprising a hollow cylindrical body with an internal, ring-shaped laser path, the laser head operable to emit a ring-shaped laser beam through the ring-shaped laser path, and an acid nozzle protruding forward from the hollow cylindrical body of the laser head and into the reduced diameter flow area, the acid nozzle including one or more acid outlets within the reduced diameter flow area.

A system includes a pipe for transporting one or more fluids, the pipe including a scale deposit formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof and defining a reduced diameter flow area within the pipe, and a hybrid descaling tool sized to be received within the pipe. The hybrid descaling tool includes a laser head comprising a hollow cylindrical body with an internal, ring-shaped laser path, the laser head operable to emit a ring-shaped laser beam through the ring-shaped laser path, and an acid nozzle protruding forward from the hollow cylindrical body of the laser head and into the reduced diameter flow area, the acid nozzle including one or more acid outlets within the reduced diameter flow area.