A method for producing metallic silver by electro-deposition, including electrolyzing an electrolyte solution containing Ce(NO.sub.3).sub.3 in an anode zone and an electrolyte solution containing AgNO.sub.3 in a cathode zone by using an electrolytic cell with a specific diaphragm, wherein the electrolyte solution in the anode zone is not allowed to enter the cathode zone. After the electrolyzing is complete, the metallic silver with a high purity is obtained at the cathode, and a Ce.sup.4+-containing solution is obtained in the anode zone.

A process is disclosed for the oxidation and thermal decomposition of metal chlorides, leading to an efficient and effective separation of nuisance elements such as iron and aluminum from value metals such as copper and nickel. In the first instance, oxidation, especially for iron, is effected in an electrolytic reactor, wherein ferrous iron is oxidised to ferric. In a second embodiment, the oxidised solution is treated in a hydrothermal decomposer reactor, wherein decomposable trivalent metal chlorides form oxides and divalent metal chlorides form basic chlorides. The latter are soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, and may be selectively re-dissolved from the hydrothermal solids, thereby effecting a clean separation. Hydrochloric acid is recovered from the hydrothermal reactor.

Provided is a synthesis method comprising a first step of producing a carbonate compound from carbon monoxide and an alcohol-based compound at an anode of a first electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and the anode, and a second step of synthesizing a first product by a dealcoholization reaction of the carbonate compound, wherein an alcohol-based compound eliminated in the second step is recycled in the first step.

An electrode for gas evolution in electrolytic processes having a metal substrate and a coating formed on the substrate, the coating having at least a catalytic porous outer layer containing regions of porous nickel oxide dispersed within a solid nickel oxide binder, and a method for the production of the electrode from preformed nickel vanadium oxide particles.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods and systems using a hydride-forming Group VI transition metal chalcogenide catalyst, such as MoSx, for selective electrocatalysis of enzyme cofactor regeneration. In particular, a method of electrochemical cofactor regeneration comprising: holding an electrode comprising a Group VI transition metal chalcogenide catalyst at a potential sufficient to form a metal hydride in an aqueous electrolyte solution; and contacting the electrode with an oxidized cofactor to reduce the cofactor, is provided. The reduced cofactor can be used by a cofactor-dependent oxidoreductase to convert a substrate to a desired product and subsequently regenerated.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods and systems using a hydride-forming Group VI transition metal chalcogenide catalyst, such as MoSx, for selective electrocatalysis of enzyme cofactor regeneration. In particular, a method of electrochemical cofactor regeneration comprising: holding an electrode comprising a Group VI transition metal chalcogenide catalyst at a potential sufficient to form a metal hydride in an aqueous electrolyte solution; and contacting the electrode with an oxidized cofactor to reduce the cofactor, is provided. The reduced cofactor can be used by a cofactor-dependent oxidoreductase to convert a substrate to a desired product and subsequently regenerated.

A pyridine pyrrole ruthenium coordination complex, a preparation method therefor and use thereof as a catalyst for electrocatalyzing ammonia oxidation to prepare hydrazine is provided. The pyridine pyrrole ruthenium coordination complex takes high-activity metal ruthenium as a central metal ion and compounds containing pyridine pyrrole with electron withdrawing/donating capability as ligands, and thus has relatively high catalytic activity for ammonia oxidation. High conversion rate and highly selective conversion of ammonia can be realized by applying the pyridine pyrrole ruthenium coordination complex to electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation in an organic solvent, with major products including H.sub.2, N.sub.2, N.sub.2H.sub.4.

A copper concentrate such as chalcopyrite is contacted with an aqueous solution includes acids and a reducing agent, such as vanadium (II) ions, chromium (II) ions, or tungstozincic acid (H.sub.6ZnW.sub.12O.sub.40). The aqueous solution reduces the copper in the copper concentrate, which can then dissolve into the solution for recovery therefrom, or precipitate out of solution as copper compounds or elemental copper for recovery in as a solid phase product. The solid phase product can then be isolated, dissolved, and further electrowinned to recover a copper product from the copper concentrate. Oxidized reducing agent can be recovered in an electrochemical device with ferrous iron reactants. Hydrometallurgical routes to convert copper concentrates to copper are potentially less expensive and less polluting than current pyrometallurgical processing and an advantageous response to environmental and economic pressures for increased copper production.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.