An object of the present invention is to provide a separation system and a separation method that can separate deuterium from a fluid containing light hydrogen and deuterium with high separation efficiency while suppressing equipment deterioration. The present invention provides a separation system including a plurality of separation devices connected in series; each of the plurality of separation devices includes an electrolyte membrane to which an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer are provided; a first inflow passage through which a first fluid containing light hydrogen and deuterium flows in, and a first outflow passage through which a second fluid having a lower deuterium content than that of the first fluid flows out are connected to an anode flow passage, a second inflow passage through which a third fluid flows into and a second outflow passage through which a fourth fluid containing light water and heavy water flows out are connected to a cathode flow passage; at least a separation device provided at the most upstream side among the plurality of separation devices is a first separation device into which a gas containing water vapor flows as a third fluid, and from which the third fluid and deuterium that has moved from the anode catalyst layer into the cathode catalyst layer are discharged as the fourth fluid.

An object of the present invention is to provide a separation system and a separation method that can separate deuterium from a fluid containing light hydrogen and deuterium with high separation efficiency while suppressing equipment deterioration. The present invention provides a separation system including a plurality of separation devices connected in series; each of the plurality of separation devices includes an electrolyte membrane to which an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer are provided; a first inflow passage through which a first fluid containing light hydrogen and deuterium flows in, and a first outflow passage through which a second fluid having a lower deuterium content than that of the first fluid flows out are connected to an anode flow passage, a second inflow passage through which a third fluid flows into and a second outflow passage through which a fourth fluid containing light water and heavy water flows out are connected to a cathode flow passage; at least a separation device provided at the most upstream side among the plurality of separation devices is a first separation device into which a gas containing water vapor flows as a third fluid, and from which the third fluid and deuterium that has moved from the anode catalyst layer into the cathode catalyst layer are discharged as the fourth fluid.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation.

System and methods for providing nitric oxide can include at least one pair of electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing nitric oxide from a flow of a reactant gas, and at least one controller configured to regulate an amount of nitric oxide in the product gas generated by the at least one pair of electrodes using one or more parameters as an input to the controller. One or more sensors are configured to collect information relating to at least one of patient information, the reactant gas, the product gas, and an inspiratory gas into which at least a portion of the product gas flows, the sensors configured to communicate the information to the controller to be used as the one or more parameters. The patient information includes information relating to a methemoglobin (MetHg) measurement collected from a MetHg sensor.

System and methods for providing nitric oxide can include at least one pair of electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing nitric oxide from a flow of a reactant gas, and at least one controller configured to regulate an amount of nitric oxide in the product gas generated by the at least one pair of electrodes using one or more parameters as an input to the controller. One or more sensors are configured to collect information relating to at least one of patient information, the reactant gas, the product gas, and an inspiratory gas into which at least a portion of the product gas flows, the sensors configured to communicate the information to the controller to be used as the one or more parameters. The patient information includes information relating to a methemoglobin (MetHg) measurement collected from a MetHg sensor.

A method is described herein that produces UN from UF.sub.6 in at most two steps comprising UF.sub.6.fwdarw.intermediate.fwdarw.UN. The principle of the reaction is that in a first step, UF.sub.6 would be reduced to U.sub.xN.sub.y, where x may be an integer selected from 1 and 3, and y is an integer selected from 1 and 2. Reduction occurs at or near the surface of a gaseous membrane electrode where it is also in contact with a nitrogen bearing salt. In a second step, U.sub.xN.sub.y decomposes to UN and N.sub.2 gas, either in the same reactor as the first step or after removal to a separate unit for further processing.

A method is described herein that produces UN from UF.sub.6 in at most two steps comprising UF.sub.6.fwdarw.intermediate.fwdarw.UN. The principle of the reaction is that in a first step, UF.sub.6 would be reduced to U.sub.xN.sub.y, where x may be an integer selected from 1 and 3, and y is an integer selected from 1 and 2. Reduction occurs at or near the surface of a gaseous membrane electrode where it is also in contact with a nitrogen bearing salt. In a second step, U.sub.xN.sub.y decomposes to UN and N.sub.2 gas, either in the same reactor as the first step or after removal to a separate unit for further processing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

Electrochemical systems and methods for removing and recovering phosphorus, in the form of phosphates, from aqueous solutions are provided. The removal of the phosphates takes place in an electrochemical cell having an electrode that includes bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), or an oxide thereof. During the removal of phosphates from aqueous solution, the metal (Bi, Zn, Cu, or Fe) and/or metal oxide of the electrode is converted into its corresponding metal phosphate within the electrode via a reversible conversion reaction. The phosphate stored in the electrode during the removal step is subsequently released into a recovery solution via electrochemical reduction of the metal phosphate back into a metal.