System and method relates to an advanced manufactured vapor-fed electrochemical reactor (AM-VFR) system comprising a cathode gas compartment comprising a first inlet, and a first outlet, a catholyte compartment having a centrally located window for a cathode and a membrane, a second inlet, a second outlet, and a reference electrode, an anolyte compartment having a centrally located window for the membrane and an anode, a third inlet and a third outlet and an anode gas compartment having a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet, wherein the cathode, wherein the cathode is disposed between the cathode gas compartment and the catholyte compartment, wherein the membrane is disposed between the catholyte compartment and the anolyte compartment, wherein the anode is disposed between the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment, and wherein one or more of the cathode gas compartment, the catholyte compartment, the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment are made of a 3D printing plastic. Methods for making and using the system are also disclosed.

System and method relates to an advanced manufactured vapor-fed electrochemical reactor (AM-VFR) system comprising a cathode gas compartment comprising a first inlet, and a first outlet, a catholyte compartment having a centrally located window for a cathode and a membrane, a second inlet, a second outlet, and a reference electrode, an anolyte compartment having a centrally located window for the membrane and an anode, a third inlet and a third outlet and an anode gas compartment having a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet, wherein the cathode, wherein the cathode is disposed between the cathode gas compartment and the catholyte compartment, wherein the membrane is disposed between the catholyte compartment and the anolyte compartment, wherein the anode is disposed between the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment, and wherein one or more of the cathode gas compartment, the catholyte compartment, the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment are made of a 3D printing plastic. Methods for making and using the system are also disclosed.

A system and method for generating arsine are disclosed. The system may include a shell having a top interior surface. The system may also include a cathode-anode assembly positioned in the shell and forming an elongated structure substantially parallel to the top surface. The cathode-anode assembly may include a first electrode and a second electrode surrounding the first electrode and forming a gap therebetween. The second electrode may include a plurality of channels along a length of the second electrode. The plurality of channels may allow circulation of electrolyte within and around at least a portion of the cathode-anode assembly and allow gases generated in response to current applied to the cathode-anode assembly to escape from the cathode-anode assembly. Such gases may be used as precursor gases for a high-volume metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) operation.

A system and method for generating arsine are disclosed. The system may include a shell having a top interior surface. The system may also include a cathode-anode assembly positioned in the shell and forming an elongated structure substantially parallel to the top surface. The cathode-anode assembly may include a first electrode and a second electrode surrounding the first electrode and forming a gap therebetween. The second electrode may include a plurality of channels along a length of the second electrode. The plurality of channels may allow circulation of electrolyte within and around at least a portion of the cathode-anode assembly and allow gases generated in response to current applied to the cathode-anode assembly to escape from the cathode-anode assembly. Such gases may be used as precursor gases for a high-volume metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) operation.

Methods and systems for dissolving an iron-containing ore are disclosed. For example, a method of processing and dissolving an iron-containing ore comprises: thermally reducing one or more non-magnetite iron oxide materials in the iron-containing ore to form magnetite in the presence of a reductant, thereby forming thermally-reduced ore; and dissolving at least a portion of the thermally-reduced ore using an acid to form an acidic iron-salt solution; wherein the acidic iron-salt solution comprises protons electrochemically generated in an electrochemical cell.

Methods and systems for producing are disclosed. A method for producing iron, for example, comprises: providing an iron-containing ore to a dissolution subsystem comprising a first electrochemical cell; wherein the first anolyte has a different composition than the first catholyte; dissolving at least a portion of the iron-containing ore using an acid to form an acidic iron-salt solution having dissolved first Fe.sup.3+ ions; providing at least a portion of the acidic iron-salt solution to the first cathodic chamber; first electrochemically reducing said first Fe.sup.3+ ions in the first catholyte to form Fe.sup.2+ ions; transferring the formed Fe.sup.2+ ions from the dissolution subsystem to an iron-plating subsystem having a second electrochemical cell; second electrochemically reducing a first portion of the transferred formed Fe.sup.2+ ions to Fe metal at a second cathode of the second electrochemical cell; and removing the Fe metal.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, system and method for making an admixture of a polymer and carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The admixture of such embodiments comprise about 10% or less by weight (wt %) of CNMs. The CNM content of such admixture may impart new or enhanced properties to the admix and to materials and products made therefrom. Such new or enhanced products may include enhanced tensile strength, new or enhanced electronic medical, structural thermal, catalytic properties or any combination thereof.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of hydrogen in an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and a liquid electrolyte comprising an ionic hydrogen carrier, wherein the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that hydrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the cathode and wherein nitrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the anode. Other aspects pertain to devices and systems for carrying out such methods.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of hydrogen in an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and a liquid electrolyte comprising an ionic hydrogen carrier, wherein the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that hydrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the cathode and wherein nitrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the anode. Other aspects pertain to devices and systems for carrying out such methods.