To provide a gas-liquid separator of a water electrolysis system, comprising: a liquid feeding atomizer and a gas-liquid separation chamber, wherein the liquid feeding atomizer includes a liquid feeding pressurized tube; and an atomizing spray head, in which the atomizing spray head converts a gas-liquid mixed liquor after pressurized by the liquid feeding pressurized tube into a mist droplet gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid separation chamber comprises a spiral flowing way, and the spiral flowing way extends the time that the mist droplet gas-liquid mixture spraying into the gas-liquid separation chamber flows downwards to the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber; an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism; a stirrer; an internal reservoir; and a filter mechanism, which performs the gas-liquid separation for unbroken bubbles in the mist droplet gas-liquid mixture through the pore difference.

To provide a gas-liquid separator of a water electrolysis system, comprising: a liquid feeding atomizer and a gas-liquid separation chamber, wherein the liquid feeding atomizer includes a liquid feeding pressurized tube; and an atomizing spray head, in which the atomizing spray head converts a gas-liquid mixed liquor after pressurized by the liquid feeding pressurized tube into a mist droplet gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid separation chamber comprises a spiral flowing way, and the spiral flowing way extends the time that the mist droplet gas-liquid mixture spraying into the gas-liquid separation chamber flows downwards to the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber; an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism; a stirrer; an internal reservoir; and a filter mechanism, which performs the gas-liquid separation for unbroken bubbles in the mist droplet gas-liquid mixture through the pore difference.

The present invention describes ways of increasing the production efficiency of a saline water electrolysis cell and of consuming CO.sub.2 gas and sequestering it from the atmosphere. This is achieved by the introduction of CO.sub.2 gas into the catholyte of the electrolysis, where reaction of the CO.sub.2 with the hydroxide ions present in the catholyte reduces the pH of the catholyte, thereby increasing production efficiency of the electrolysis cell. The preceding reaction forms bicarbonate and/or carbonate, thus sequestering the reactant CO.sub.2 gas from the atmosphere. The CO.sub.2 gas may be introduced either directly into the cathode area of the electrolysis cell, or into the electrolyte prior to its introduction into the electrolysis cell. Corresponding apparatus is also provided.

A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allows for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.

Method for producing molecular halogen are disclosed, that include the steps of: oxidizing a halide to produce a mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide; reducing a polysulfide comprising a higher rank polysulfide dianion to produce a lower rank polysulfide dianion; and recovering molecular halogen from the mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide.

Method for producing molecular halogen are disclosed, that include the steps of: oxidizing a halide to produce a mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide; reducing a polysulfide comprising a higher rank polysulfide dianion to produce a lower rank polysulfide dianion; and recovering molecular halogen from the mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide.

The invention provides a method of continuous electrochemical dinitrogen reduction to produce ammonia, the method comprising: supplying dinitrogen to an electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte in contact with at least a cathode; introducing protons to the electrolyte by anodic oxidation of a hydrogen-containing species; and cathodically reducing the dinitrogen in the presence of a metal selected from lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, aluminium and vanadium to produce ammonia, wherein the electrolyte comprises a cationic proton carrier capable of reversible deprotonation to form a neutral proton acceptor, wherein the neutral proton acceptor is an ylide.

The invention provides a method of continuous electrochemical dinitrogen reduction to produce ammonia, the method comprising: supplying dinitrogen to an electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte in contact with at least a cathode; introducing protons to the electrolyte by anodic oxidation of a hydrogen-containing species; and cathodically reducing the dinitrogen in the presence of a metal selected from lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, aluminium and vanadium to produce ammonia, wherein the electrolyte comprises a cationic proton carrier capable of reversible deprotonation to form a neutral proton acceptor, wherein the neutral proton acceptor is an ylide.

A method and apparatus for generating hydrogen gas by reacting a nanogalvanic alloy with water vapor. The apparatus comprises a water vapor source for supplying water vapor to a reaction chamber containing a nanogalvanic alloy. The nanogalvanic alloy reacts with the water vapor to produce hydrogen.

An electrolytic cell built in the form of a capacitor of cylindrical plates. The cylindrical plates include electrodes of the electrolytic cell formed using tubes arranged in a substantially concentric way within each other defining a central electrode, an outer electrode and a space between electrodes. The central electrode corresponds to an anode of the capacitor. The outer electrode corresponds to the cathode of the capacitor. The cell includes an electrolyte corresponding to a dielectric of the capacitor.