The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

An assembly arrangement of solid oxide cells in a fuel cell system or in an electrolyzer cell system is disclosed which includes cells arranged at least to four angles and at least one cell stack formation. At least one substantially plain attachment side of each at least four angled stack formation includes at least one geometrically deviating attachment surface structure in the otherwise substantially plain side between at least two corners of the at least four angled stack formation. At least one flow restriction structure restricts air flows in the cell system to be mounted against the geometrically deviating attachment surface structure of each stack formation to attach at least one cell stack formation in the assembly arrangement. An electrical insulation is arranged to the attachment of the flow restriction structure and the stack formation.

An assembly arrangement of solid oxide cells in a fuel cell system or in an electrolyzer cell system is disclosed which includes cells arranged at least to four angles and at least one cell stack formation. At least one substantially plain attachment side of each at least four angled stack formation includes at least one geometrically deviating attachment surface structure in the otherwise substantially plain side between at least two corners of the at least four angled stack formation. At least one flow restriction structure restricts air flows in the cell system to be mounted against the geometrically deviating attachment surface structure of each stack formation to attach at least one cell stack formation in the assembly arrangement. An electrical insulation is arranged to the attachment of the flow restriction structure and the stack formation.

A transdermal dihydrogen delivery device including a body including an anode and a cathode, and an electrical energy source, wherein the body is based on a flexible material, capable of shaping to the skin of a human or animal body, and the body includes a water receptacle, the relative arrangement of the receptacle, the anode and the cathode being configured such that the water contained in the receptacle is in contact with the anode and the cathode to form a closed electrical circuit, so as to produce dihydrogen at the cathode from the water taken from the receptacle, to release transdermally the dihydrogen produced. The proposed delivery device is relatively non-invasive, while allowing dihydrogen delivery.

A method for carrying out electrolysis comprises dynamically changing a current density associated with an operation of an electrolyzer within a range of values of about 0.15 A/cm.sup.2 and 3.0 A/cm2, wherein the changing of the current density associated with the operation of the electrolyzer is in response to a change in demand for electricity within a region where the electrolyzer is located, and wherein the changing of the current density comprises lowering the current density within the range of values of about 0.15 A/cm.sup.2 and 3.0 A/cm.sup.2 when the demand for electricity increases within the region where the electrolyzer is located and raising the current density within the range of values of about 0.15 A/cm.sup.2 and 3.0 A/cm.sup.2 when the demand for electricity decreases within the region where the electrolyzer is located.

In a hydrogen production apparatus, a front end of a housing is closed by an opening/closing door. In a closed state of the opening/closing door, the upper end of the upper rod and the lower end of the lower rod in the opening/closing switching mechanism are disposed behind the first front frame piece and the second front frame piece of the housing, respectively. The axial distance between the upper end of the lower collar member and the second stopper is greater than the axial distance between the upper end of the upper collar member and the first stopper.

In a hydrogen production apparatus, a front end of a housing is closed by an opening/closing door. In a closed state of the opening/closing door, the upper end of the upper rod and the lower end of the lower rod in the opening/closing switching mechanism are disposed behind the first front frame piece and the second front frame piece of the housing, respectively. The axial distance between the upper end of the lower collar member and the second stopper is greater than the axial distance between the upper end of the upper collar member and the first stopper.

An electrolysis device, electrolysis system, and electrolysis method for alternating current induction power supply are provided. The electrolysis device includes at least one group of magnetic circuits and an electrolytic cell. The magnetic circuit has a magnetic core on which an electromagnetic coil is wound, the magnetic core being provided outside the electrolytic cell. The magnetic circuits are used for using an alternating current power source to generate a rotating magnetic field surrounding the electrolytic cell, the rotating magnetic field acting on an electrolyte in the electrolytic cell to generate an induction direct current, such that the electrolyte is electrolyzed. According to the electrolysis device, the electrolytic cell generates the induction direct current directly by means of an alternating current, such that alternating current and direct current conversion links are reduced, and energy loss caused by energy conversion is reduced.

An electrolysis device, electrolysis system, and electrolysis method for alternating current induction power supply are provided. The electrolysis device includes at least one group of magnetic circuits and an electrolytic cell. The magnetic circuit has a magnetic core on which an electromagnetic coil is wound, the magnetic core being provided outside the electrolytic cell. The magnetic circuits are used for using an alternating current power source to generate a rotating magnetic field surrounding the electrolytic cell, the rotating magnetic field acting on an electrolyte in the electrolytic cell to generate an induction direct current, such that the electrolyte is electrolyzed. According to the electrolysis device, the electrolytic cell generates the induction direct current directly by means of an alternating current, such that alternating current and direct current conversion links are reduced, and energy loss caused by energy conversion is reduced.

A reactor assembly includes a multiplicity of electrochemical reactors, wherein each of the electrochemical reactors comprises an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the surface area of the fluid passage in contact with the anode or cathode is at least 25 times of the combined cross-sectional area of the inlet and the outlet; wherein the minimum distance between the reactors is no greater than 2 cm; and wherein the reactors have no interconnects and no direct contact with one another.