A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allow for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between a high-nickel content anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; applying an electric current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, in which the CNM product comprises a minimal relative-amount of at least 70 wt %, as compared to a total weight of the CNM product, of hollow nano-onion product, in which the high-nickel content anode is made of pure nickel or an alloy that comprises greater than 50 wt % nickel.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between a high-nickel content anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; applying an electric current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, in which the CNM product comprises a minimal relative-amount of at least 70 wt %, as compared to a total weight of the CNM product, of hollow nano-onion product, in which the high-nickel content anode is made of pure nickel or an alloy that comprises greater than 50 wt % nickel.

An apparatus is provided including a discharge zone configured to accept a gas flow therethrough, a high voltage electrode capable of generating a high voltage discharge within the discharge zone, and an electrolysis zone bounded by a second electrode and a third electrode. In the apparatus, the second and third electrodes are low voltage electrodes, and the second electrode is gas permeable and separates the electrolysis zone from the discharge zone.

An apparatus is provided including a discharge zone configured to accept a gas flow therethrough, a high voltage electrode capable of generating a high voltage discharge within the discharge zone, and an electrolysis zone bounded by a second electrode and a third electrode. In the apparatus, the second and third electrodes are low voltage electrodes, and the second electrode is gas permeable and separates the electrolysis zone from the discharge zone.

Systems for generating eFuels from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are provided. Systems for generating platform chemicals from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are also provided. Methods for generating platform chemicals from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are also provided.

Systems for generating eFuels from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are provided. Systems for generating platform chemicals from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are also provided. Methods for generating platform chemicals from carbon based fuel combustion flue gas are also provided.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product comprises: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell, in which the anode comprises a noble metal and the cathode comprises copper and nickel; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing a nickel-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the nickel-containing additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free additive is added in an amount of between 0.05 wt % and 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product comprises: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell, in which the anode comprises a noble metal and the cathode comprises copper and nickel; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing a nickel-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the nickel-containing additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free additive is added in an amount of between 0.05 wt % and 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial product comprising: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing an iron-free, nickel-free, chromium-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the iron-free, nickel-free chromium-containing additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free, nickel-free, chromium-containing additive is added in an amount of between 0.05 wt % and 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, the CNM product comprises a minimum relative-amount of between 50 wt % and 99 wt %, relative to a total weight of the CNM product of nano-carbon flowers.