A dual-membrane on-line generator for an acid or alkali solution is provided, including an upper electrolytic cell body (3), a middle electrolytic cell body (4) and a lower electrolytic cell body (5) which are clamped by an upper fastening steel plate (1) and a lower fastening steel plate (2), an upper regeneration liquid channel (A), a middle eluent channel (B) and a lower regeneration liquid channel (C) being provided on the middle electrolytic cell body (4).

An electrolytic reactor of an oxyhydrogen machine includes a main body with an internal chamber for accommodating a liquid, a carrier installed to the chamber for arranging even numbered electrode plates which are spaced from each other and two adjacent electrode plates having different polarities, a multiple of partitions extending to an appropriate length from the top surface to the bottom surface of the main body and spaced from each other, a communicating channel formed by each electrode plate and the main body and disposed between the bottom surface of the main body and each electrode plate, a liquid storage portion formed by the space between the partitions and the chamber and communicated to the communicating channel and a gas extraction unit installed on the main body and having independent first and second gas collection chambers for collecting hydrogen and oxygen respectively.

An electrolytic reactor of an oxyhydrogen machine includes a main body with an internal chamber for accommodating a liquid, a carrier installed to the chamber for arranging even numbered electrode plates which are spaced from each other and two adjacent electrode plates having different polarities, a multiple of partitions extending to an appropriate length from the top surface to the bottom surface of the main body and spaced from each other, a communicating channel formed by each electrode plate and the main body and disposed between the bottom surface of the main body and each electrode plate, a liquid storage portion formed by the space between the partitions and the chamber and communicated to the communicating channel and a gas extraction unit installed on the main body and having independent first and second gas collection chambers for collecting hydrogen and oxygen respectively.

A brine electrolysis system for producing pressurized chlorine and hydrogen gases. In its basic configuration, the brine electrolysis system may comprise: two liquid storage tanks for storing two liquid reactants; a tank having two interior spaces separated by a diaphragm for receiving the liquid reactants; two pumps for regulating the flow of the liquid reactants from the liquid storage tanks to the interior spaces of the tank, two open-bottom cylinders for storing and dispensing two gases; an electrolysis stack assembly for converting the liquid reactants into two gases; and two submersible pumps for pumping each liquid reactant into an electrolysis stack assembly. Each open-bottom cylinder may comprise a float sensor for determining the amount of fluid entering its cylindrical space. The system may further comprise controllers for regulating ionic concentrations within the two interior spaces. Dispense lines and valves may be utilized to release the gases.

Flow cell systems are provided. Example flow cell systems can include an H.sup.+/H.sub.2 half-cell and a counterpart Fe.sup.3+/Fe.sup.2+ or V.sup.5+/V.sup.4+ half-cell. Flow cell systems can also include a half-cell in fluid communication with an electrolyte regeneration chamber. Embodiments of these flow cells systems can be configured to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. Flow cell battery systems are also disclosed. Example flow cell battery systems can include an H.sup.+/H.sub.2 analyte; and a counterpart Fe.sup.3+/Fe.sup.2+ or V.sup.5+/V.sup.4+ catholyte. Processes for generating hydrogen are also disclosed. Example processes can include generating protons from a Fe.sup.3+/Fe.sup.2+ or V.sup.5+/V.sup.4+ electrolyte solution; and reacting the protons with H.sub.2O to form H.sub.2.

A fluid electrolysis apparatus includes: a body part which includes an inlet port and an outlet port formed thereon and is provided with an inner space through which a fluid introduced through the inlet port passes to be discharged through the outlet port; an electrode part mounted in the inner space and including a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, to which external powers of opposite polarity are applied, respectively, wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are alternately arranged while being spaced apart from each other, to form a plurality of fluid channels between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; and a conductive connection terminal part integrally formed with the body part so that at least a portion of a body thereof is embedded in the body part to apply external power to the electrode.

An apparatus for alkaline water electrolysis including: an electrolysis vessel; first and second gas-liquid separators respectively separating electrolytes and oxygen/hydrogen gas flowing out from anode/cathode chambers; first and second electrolyte tanks respectively storing the electrolytes separated by the first/second gas-liquid separators; oxygen and hydrogen gas feed pipes respectively introducing the separated oxygen/hydrogen gas into gas phase parts of the first/second electrolyte tanks; oxygen and hydrogen gas exhaust pipes respectively allowing oxygen/hydrogen gas to flow out from the gas phase parts of the first/second electrolyte tanks therethrough; and a circulator supplying the electrolytes from the first and second electrolyte tanks to the electrolysis vessel.

The present disclosure concerns a process and a system for the electrochemical reduction of oxalic acid to glyoxylic acid. The process involves withdrawing a portion of oxalic acid-depleted catholyte from the process and contacting it with a quantity of solid oxalic acid to provide a concentrated oxalic acid solution which is re-entered into the process.

The present disclosure concerns a process and a system for the electrochemical reduction of oxalic acid to glyoxylic acid. The process involves withdrawing a portion of oxalic acid-depleted catholyte from the process and contacting it with a quantity of solid oxalic acid to provide a concentrated oxalic acid solution which is re-entered into the process.

An electrolytic reactor of an oxyhydrogen machine includes a main body with an internal chamber for accommodating a liquid, a carrier installed to the chamber for arranging even numbered electrode plates which are spaced from each other and two adjacent electrode plates having different polarities, a multiple of partitions extending to an appropriate length from the top surface to the bottom surface of the main body and spaced from each other, a communicating channel formed by each electrode plate and the main body and disposed between the bottom surface of the main body and each electrode plate, a liquid storage portion formed by the space between the partitions and the chamber and communicated to the communicating channel and a gas extraction unit installed on the main body and having independent first and second gas collection chambers for collecting hydrogen and oxygen respectively.