To make it possible to detect a short circuit in a water electrolyzer even while the water electrolyzer is operating, a voltage sensor is disposed for each of plural water electrolytic cells, the voltage of each of the water electrolytic cells is measured with the voltage sensor while the water electrolyzer is operating, and it is determined that there is a short circuit if it is detected that the voltage is lower than a reference voltage.

To make it possible to detect a short circuit in a water electrolyzer even while the water electrolyzer is operating, a voltage sensor is disposed for each of plural water electrolytic cells, the voltage of each of the water electrolytic cells is measured with the voltage sensor while the water electrolyzer is operating, and it is determined that there is a short circuit if it is detected that the voltage is lower than a reference voltage.

A catalyst system for catalyzed electrochemical reactions, in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemical products, such as carboxylates and carboxylic acids, comprises a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises bismuth and indium. The catalyst system can be a component of a gas diffusion electrode, that can be used as the cathode electrode in an electrochemical cell.

A catalyst system for catalyzed electrochemical reactions, in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemical products, such as carboxylates and carboxylic acids, comprises a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises bismuth and indium. The catalyst system can be a component of a gas diffusion electrode, that can be used as the cathode electrode in an electrochemical cell.

A module of the present invention is formed by housing, in a housing container, a cell stack device that includes cell stacks comprising an arrangement of a plurality of cells. The housing container includes a housing chamber that houses the cell stack device; a first gas introduction section provided in a lower portion of the housing chamber and configured to introduce a first gas supplied into the housing chamber; and a first gas circulation section provided on a side of the housing chamber and connected to the first gas introduction section. The width of the first gas circulation section is narrower than the width of the first gas introduction section.

An efficient electrolysis system for sodium chlorate production may include round or oval cells, reactors, a product pump transfer, a buffer tank, a circulation pump, and explosive clad plate, all of which are connected by way of pipelines. Inlet and the outlet of each cell are separately connected with the reactor via titanium pipes, allowing the electrolyte to recirculate naturally between the cells and the reactors. The outlet of every cell is conical while each reactor includes a standard electrolytic unit with three to eight cells. The electrolytic units are modularly identical and symmetrically linked to the buffer tank. Within each unit, adjacent cells are connected with the explosive clad plates. The buffer tank may be divided into two parts—part A and part B—with part A connecting with the overflow port of the reactor via pipeline, and the part B connecting with the reactor via the circulation pump. Part B is equipped with a refined brine feed pipe on the top, the bottom of part A connects with a product transfer pump (3) via pipeline.

Provided is an electromechanical hydrogen pump, including: (i) an electrolyte membrane; (ii) an anode electrode layer and an anode diffusion layer that are provided at one side of the electrolyte membrane; (iii) a cathode electrode layer and a cathode diffusion layer that are provided at the other side of the electrolyte membrane; (iv) an anode seal that has openings each surrounding the anode diffusion layer; (v) a cathode seal that has openings each surrounding the cathode diffusion layer; (vi) an anode separator that is placed on an outer side of the anode diffusion layer; and (vii) a cathode separator that is placed on an outer side of the cathode diffusion layer, wherein no spaces are provided between the anode diffusion layer and the anode seal or between the cathode diffusion layer and the cathode seal.

Solid oxide electroyzer cell (SOEC) systems and methods that include a stack of electrolyzer cells configured to receive steam and generate a hydrogen and steam exhaust stream, and a steam recycle blower configured to recycle a portion of the hydrogen and steam exhaust stream back to the stack.

Solid oxide electroyzer cell (SOEC) systems and methods that include a stack of electrolyzer cells configured to receive steam and generate a hydrogen and steam exhaust stream, and a steam recycle blower configured to recycle a portion of the hydrogen and steam exhaust stream back to the stack.

Provided herein are anode assembly, conductive contact strips, electrochemical cells containing the anode assembly and the conductive contact strips, and methods to use and manufacture the same, where the anode assembly includes a plurality of V-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped elements positioned outside the anode shell and in electrical contact with the anode.