A system for treatment of brines includes one or more membrane-less electrolyzers. An influent flow chamber flows an influent stream to a porous anode and cathode. electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode result in acidic and alkaline effluent streams respectively, including liquid and gaseous streams. The alkaline effluent can be combined with a brine feed stream, resulting in precipitation of alkali earth metals cations by reaction with hydroxyls to form alkali earth metal hydroxides (M(OH).sub.2, M=Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+). These M(OH).sub.2 are of interest as a carbon-free feedstock material for cement manufacturing. Additionally, carbon dioxide, such as from flue gas, can be combined with the alkaline effluent to form alkali earth metal carbonates or be concentrated and released upon neutralization of carbon dioxide saturated alkaline effluent with the acidic effluent. Chlorine gas evolved at the anode can also be utilized with hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode as feed streams for a fuel cell for the generation of electricity.

An ozone generator system utilizes an electrochemical cell to produce and control ozone concentrations within an enclosure or to supply ozone to a flow conduit. The enclosure may he coupled with a flow conduit that carries the produced ozone to a desired location. An enclosure may be a sterilization chamber and the concentration of ozone produced by the ozone generating system may be sufficient to sterilize articles within the enclosure. An oxygen control electrolyzer cell and/or humidity control electrolyzer cell may be coupled with the enclosure to further control the environment of the enclosure. A humidity control electrolyzer cell may be fluidly coupled with the ozone generator to supply humidity for reaction on the anode of the ozone generator.

An ozone generator system utilizes an electrochemical cell to produce and control ozone concentrations within an enclosure or to supply ozone to a flow conduit. The enclosure may he coupled with a flow conduit that carries the produced ozone to a desired location. An enclosure may be a sterilization chamber and the concentration of ozone produced by the ozone generating system may be sufficient to sterilize articles within the enclosure. An oxygen control electrolyzer cell and/or humidity control electrolyzer cell may be coupled with the enclosure to further control the environment of the enclosure. A humidity control electrolyzer cell may be fluidly coupled with the ozone generator to supply humidity for reaction on the anode of the ozone generator.

Systems and methods are provided for operating an electrolyzer. The systems and methods include operations comprising: forming an electrical series connection through the plurality of electrolytic cells; bypassing a first electrolytic cell using bypass circuitry included in a first bipolar plate to electrically remove the first electrolytic cell from the electrical series connection while maintaining flow of current through a second of electrolytic cell; monitoring one or more parameters of the plurality of electrolytic cells; and generating, based on the one or more parameters, a model representing operating conditions of the electrolytic cells on an individual electrolytic cell basis.

Systems and methods are provided for operating an electrolyzer. The systems and methods include operations comprising: forming an electrical series connection through the plurality of electrolytic cells; bypassing a first electrolytic cell using bypass circuitry included in a first bipolar plate to electrically remove the first electrolytic cell from the electrical series connection while maintaining flow of current through a second of electrolytic cell; monitoring one or more parameters of the plurality of electrolytic cells; and generating, based on the one or more parameters, a model representing operating conditions of the electrolytic cells on an individual electrolytic cell basis.

The hydrogen production system for internal combustion engines includes an intake air scoop, a vacuum block having an air input port system for receiving air from the intake air scoop, a water reservoir connected to the vacuum block for providing water to be mixed with the air in the vacuum block, at least one primary generator assembly with an inlet port for receiving the air/water vapor mixture from the vacuum block and producing a mixture of hydrogen, produced oxygen, and fine hydrogen production vapor from a partially oxidized water fog, and a plurality of secondary hydrogen generator assemblies connected to the primary generator assembly for receiving this mixture. The engine vacuum draws this mixture into the intake manifold to provide an ideal fuel mixture for the engine.

Real-time data from cells is recorded during operation of an electrolyzer. Synthetic data is generated based on historical data of the electrolyzer and the cells, the synthetic data comprising synthetic cell voltages and synthetic product output flow, synthetic anolyte pH, feed brine pH, or oxygen in chlorine gas concentration of the electrolyzer. Cell-specific k-factors or U.sub.0 are determined from the historical data. A slow contamination is detected when a difference between the synthetic product output flow, synthetic anolyte pH, feed brine pH, or oxygen in chlorine gas concentration and a real-time product output flow, anolyte pH, feed brine pH, or oxygen in chlorine gas concentration exceeds a first threshold. A fast contamination is detected when cell-specific k-factors or U.sub.0 exceed a second threshold and a trend of a difference between the synthetic cell voltages and real-time cell voltages or a derivative of the difference meets or exceeds a conditional logic rule.

A modular system for hydrogen generation includes a plurality of cores and a hub. Each core includes an electrolyzer and a power supply. The power supply is operable to manage electrical power to the electrolyzer of the core and is redundant to the power supply of at least another one of the plurality of cores. The hub includes a water module, a heat exchange module, and a switchgear module. The water module includes a water source in fluid communication with the electrolyzer of each one of the plurality of cores, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the electrolyzer of each one of the plurality of cores, and the switchgear module includes a switch activatable to electrically isolate the power supply of each one of the plurality of cores.

A system for controlling an electrochemical production process includes a variable controllable power circuit and an electrolytic cell. The cell includes two electrodes and operates in different states dependent on the potential difference across the electrodes. The system includes a power circuit controller that causes the power circuit to apply a given potential difference across the electrodes to initiate operation of the cell in the one of multiple possible states associated with the given potential difference. The possible states include a production state associated with a first non-zero potential difference in which a product of interest is produced, and an idle state associated with a second non-zero potential difference in which the product of interest is not produced. A monitoring and control subsystem maintains a predefined set of production process conditions, including a predefined operating temperature range, while the cell operates in both the production state and the idle state.

A radiation-assisted (typically solar-assisted) electrolyzer cell and panel for high-efficiency hydrogen production comprises a photoelectrode and electrode pair, with said photoelectrode comprising either a photoanode electrically coupled to a cathode shared with an anode, or a photocathode electrically coupled to an anode shared with a cathode; electrolyte; gas separators; all within a container divided into two chambers by said shared cathode or shared anode, and at least a portion of which is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation required by said photoanode (or photocathode) to apply photovoltage to a shared cathode (or anode) that increases the electrolysis current and hydrogen production.