The invention relates to an electrolytic cell equipped with microelectrodes for the generation of un-separated products and the method for obtaining it. The cell and the microelectrodes of the present invention are obtained using a technology for the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The anodic and cathodic microelectrodes have an electrocatalytic coating and are mutually intercalated at an interelectrodic gap lower than 300 micrometres.

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell equipped with microelectrodes for the generation of un-separated products and the method for obtaining it. The cell and the microelectrodes of the present invention are obtained using a technology for the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The anodic and cathodic microelectrodes have an electrocatalytic coating and are mutually intercalated at an interelectrodic gap lower than 300 micrometres.

A reduction electrode of an embodiment includes a metal base material and a plurality of metal nanowires provided on the metal base material. The plurality of metal nanowires include metal nanowires whose average height of contour curve of surface is 20 nm or less for 50% or more in a number ratio. The plurality of metal nanowires are formed by reducing a plurality of metal oxides each having a nanowire shape formed on the metal base material by an electrochemical reduction method. A reduction process of the metal oxides includes a first process of passing a current under a constant current condition where an absolute value is 5 mA/cm.sup.2 or more through the plurality of metal oxides, and a second process of passing a current under a constant potential condition through the plurality of metal oxides.

A reduction electrode of an embodiment includes a metal base material and a plurality of metal nanowires provided on the metal base material. The plurality of metal nanowires include metal nanowires whose average height of contour curve of surface is 20 nm or less for 50% or more in a number ratio. The plurality of metal nanowires are formed by reducing a plurality of metal oxides each having a nanowire shape formed on the metal base material by an electrochemical reduction method. A reduction process of the metal oxides includes a first process of passing a current under a constant current condition where an absolute value is 5 mA/cm.sup.2 or more through the plurality of metal oxides, and a second process of passing a current under a constant potential condition through the plurality of metal oxides.

A carbon material has at least either a peak related to diamond bonds, or a peak related to diamond-like bonds, appearing in a range of 1250 to 1400 cm.sup.−1 in a spectrum measured by Raman scattering spectrometry, and a full width at half maximum of a maximum peak, or each of full widths at half maximum of the maximum peak and a second largest peak, among peaks appearing in the range of 1250 to 1400 cm.sup.−1, has a signal less than 100 cm.sup.−1.

A manufacturing method includes: (1) providing M-M′ nanowires, wherein M′ is at least one sacrificial metal different from M; and (2) subjecting the M-M′ nanowires to electrochemical de-alloying to form jagged M nanowires.

A manufacturing method includes: (1) providing M-M′ nanowires, wherein M′ is at least one sacrificial metal different from M; and (2) subjecting the M-M′ nanowires to electrochemical de-alloying to form jagged M nanowires.

An apparatus for electrochemical activation may include an intake for an aqueous salt solution, a flow conduit structured to direct the aqueous salt solution through the apparatus comprising at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other within the flow conduit; a control module electrically coupled to the at least two electrodes, wherein the control module controls application of electricity to the at least two electrodes; and a sensor structured to measure a parameter of the aqueous salt solution and provide feedback to the control module to control an aspect of operation of the apparatus.

An apparatus for electrochemical activation may include an intake for an aqueous salt solution, a flow conduit structured to direct the aqueous salt solution through the apparatus comprising at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other within the flow conduit; a control module electrically coupled to the at least two electrodes, wherein the control module controls application of electricity to the at least two electrodes; and a sensor structured to measure a parameter of the aqueous salt solution and provide feedback to the control module to control an aspect of operation of the apparatus.

Electrolytic cells for electrolysis of water, the electrolytic cells including two sub-cells, one containing the anode, the other the cathode. The electrolytic cells are configured so that at least the hydrogen formed due to electrolysis is passed through a deflection tube and into an electrolyte outside of the electrolytic sub-cell. This configuration serves as a security measure to prevent a flashback of a combustion reaction, and makes the presence of a separate bubbler superfluous.