The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a CNM product that may comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The method and apparatus employ carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a carbonate electrolyte that is lithium-free as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a graphene-defect agent may be introduced into the electrolysis reaction.

The present invention relates to an extraction unit for extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture, including a tube or vessel, including a transit channel for passing a gas mixture in a feed-through direction from a receiving opening to a dispensing opening, which tube or vessel is arranged to be received in-line in a gas transport pipe, at least one membrane-electrode assembly arranged in the tube or vessel with at least one anode, a membrane and a cathode. The assembly is arranged such that an anode surface faces the transit channel and that a cathode surface faces away from the transit channel to a drain separated from the feed-through channel. The anode and the cathode are provided with a connector for an electrical voltage source.

The present invention relates to an extraction unit for extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture, including a tube or vessel, including a transit channel for passing a gas mixture in a feed-through direction from a receiving opening to a dispensing opening, which tube or vessel is arranged to be received in-line in a gas transport pipe, at least one membrane-electrode assembly arranged in the tube or vessel with at least one anode, a membrane and a cathode. The assembly is arranged such that an anode surface faces the transit channel and that a cathode surface faces away from the transit channel to a drain separated from the feed-through channel. The anode and the cathode are provided with a connector for an electrical voltage source.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

An electrolyzer has an electrolytic cell with a membrane that surrounds an interior channel. The electrolytic cell also has a first electrode positioned in the interior channel such that the membrane surrounds the first electrode. The electrolytic cell also includes a second electrode positioned such that the membrane is located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

An electrolyzer has an electrolytic cell with a membrane that surrounds an interior channel. The electrolytic cell also has a first electrode positioned in the interior channel such that the membrane surrounds the first electrode. The electrolytic cell also includes a second electrode positioned such that the membrane is located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is stacked and interposed between cathode and anode adjacent to each other, electrolytic part that electrolyzes liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed and flow path is formed. Electrolytic part includes slot that is open in flow path, and in the slot, a part of interface between conductive membrane and cathode and anode is exposed. Either one of the electrodes of cathode and anode has an outer periphery smaller in width than slot of electrolytic part. This can provide an electrolytic liquid generation device capable of improving the concentration of an electrolytic product dissolved in liquid.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is stacked and interposed between cathode and anode adjacent to each other, electrolytic part that electrolyzes liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed and flow path is formed. Electrolytic part includes slot that is open in flow path, and in the slot, a part of interface between conductive membrane and cathode and anode is exposed. Either one of the electrodes of cathode and anode has an outer periphery smaller in width than slot of electrolytic part. This can provide an electrolytic liquid generation device capable of improving the concentration of an electrolytic product dissolved in liquid.

An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccating device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.