Methods for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds in aqueous solution. The methods include contacting an aqueous solution comprising organic compounds with a first anode and electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the organic compounds to provide a first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products; and contacting the first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products with a first cathode and electrochemically reducing at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a first aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. The first aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically oxidize at least a portion of the residual oxidizable organic compounds to provide a second aqueous solution comprising oxidation products, and the second aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a third aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. Systems for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds and effectively carrying out the methods are also provided.

A fluid electrolysis apparatus includes: a body part which includes an inlet port and an outlet port formed thereon and is provided with an inner space through which a fluid introduced through the inlet port passes to be discharged through the outlet port; an electrode part mounted in the inner space and including a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, to which external powers of opposite polarity are applied, respectively, wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are alternately arranged while being spaced apart from each other, to form a plurality of fluid channels between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; and a conductive connection terminal part integrally formed with the body part so that at least a portion of a body thereof is embedded in the body part to apply external power to the electrode.

A fluid electrolysis apparatus includes: a body part which includes an inlet port and an outlet port formed thereon and is provided with an inner space through which a fluid introduced through the inlet port passes to be discharged through the outlet port; an electrode part mounted in the inner space and including a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, to which external powers of opposite polarity are applied, respectively, wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are alternately arranged while being spaced apart from each other, to form a plurality of fluid channels between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; and a conductive connection terminal part integrally formed with the body part so that at least a portion of a body thereof is embedded in the body part to apply external power to the electrode.

A method for generating hydrogen including contacting a catalyst with a proton source, the catalyst having a catalytic component with a first surface comprising a plurality of catalytic sites and a carbon component provided as a layer on the first surface, wherein the carbon component comprises a plurality of pores. Also provided are catalysts for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction and methods of making the same.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

Embodiments provide novel devices, nanowires, apparatuses, artificial leaves, photoelectrodes and membranes for photochemical energy production and methods of fabricating the same. The devices, apparatuses, artificial leaves, photoelectrodes, and membranes are planar and are embedded with nanowires, including InGaN nanowires. The unique devices, artificial leaves, apparatuses photoelectrodes, and nanowire-embedded membranes provide a high degree of flexibility and incorporate a large amount of indium, making them valuable for use for hydrogen production from sunlight and water. Embodiments also provide flexible substrates combining water oxidation and hydrogen reduction in a seamless manner to enhance the overall efficiency of water splitting.

Embodiments provide novel devices, nanowires, apparatuses, artificial leaves, photoelectrodes and membranes for photochemical energy production and methods of fabricating the same. The devices, apparatuses, artificial leaves, photoelectrodes, and membranes are planar and are embedded with nanowires, including InGaN nanowires. The unique devices, artificial leaves, apparatuses photoelectrodes, and nanowire-embedded membranes provide a high degree of flexibility and incorporate a large amount of indium, making them valuable for use for hydrogen production from sunlight and water. Embodiments also provide flexible substrates combining water oxidation and hydrogen reduction in a seamless manner to enhance the overall efficiency of water splitting.

Disclosed are an electrode structure including: an electrode plate; and a flow path guide disposed on one side of the electrode plate along the circumference of the electrode plate, and an electrolyzer including the electrode structure.

Disclosed are an electrode structure including: an electrode plate; and a flow path guide disposed on one side of the electrode plate along the circumference of the electrode plate, and an electrolyzer including the electrode structure.

Electrochemical systems and methods for cleaving C—C bonds are disclosed. In performing the method, a reactant adsorption electrical potential, a C—C bond breaking electrical potential, and a desorption electrical potential are sequentially applied to an electrode pair contacting a composition initially containing a target chemical reactant, such as a polymer or alkane. As a result of performing the method, one or more desired chemical products, such as smaller alkane-containing molecules, are released from the electrode into the region between the electrode pairs. The method may be performed at ambient temperatures using renewable electricity.