An electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell 1 that includes: a first electrode having a first flow path, a second electrode having a second flow path, and a separating membrane sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode; a liquid tank that contains a liquid to be treated supplied to the second flow path of the second electrode; a first pipe that connects an inlet of the second flow path and the liquid tank; a second pipe that connects an outlet of the second flow path and the liquid tank; and a backflow suppression mechanism that is provided in the second pipe to prevent backflow of the liquid to be treated flowing in the second pipe or reduce a backflow speed.

Disclosed is an electrolysis device including an electrolytic cell composed of an anode compartment equipped with an anode, a cathode compartment equipped with a cathode, and a diaphragm separating the anode compartment and the cathode compartment from each other. The device further includes an alkaline solution supply unit for supplying an alkaline solution as an electrolyte to the anode compartment, an acidic solution supply unit for supplying an acidic solution as an electrolyte to the cathode compartment, and first and second outlets for discharging electrolyzed water from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, respectively. In the anode compartment, hydroxide ions of the alkaline solution generate oxygen through an electrode reaction, and, in the cathode compartment, hydrogen ions generate hydrogen through an electrode reaction.

Provided is an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode and a counter electrode. The working electrode comprises an electrode base material, a CO.sub.2 adsorbent, and a binder. Application of a voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode causes electrons to be supplied from the counter electrode to the working electrode, and enables the CO.sub.2 adsorbent to bind to CO.sub.2 as electrons are supplied. The binder has electrical conductivity, and the CO.sub.2 adsorbent is held in the electrode base material by the binder.

The present invention provides a pump device comprising a housing and a electrode device. The housing has an inlet and an outlet arranged at a side of the housing for allowing a first flow flowing into the housing. The electrode device is arranged in the housing, and comprises a rotating body having a fluid inlet, a plurality of first flow channels, at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode. The rotating body is driven to rotate thereby generating a negative pressure for drawing the first fluid into the plurality of first flow channels through the fluid inlet such that the first fluid is reacted with the first and second electrodes thereby generating micro bubbles and is exhausted from the plurality of first flow channels. The first flow having micro bubbles are exhausted from the housing through the outlet.

An electrolyzer system has a first half cell with a first electrode and a separator disposed adjacent a side of the first half cell. The separator is configured to separate the first half cell from an adjacent second half cell, and the first electrode is in contact with a face of the separator. The first electrode has a mesh, and portions of the mesh that are in contact with the separator are flattened.

Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having a microporous polymer structure, and an ion exchange material forming a continuous ionomer phase within the composite membrane. The continuous ionomer phase refers to absence of any internal interfaces in a layer of ionomer or between any number of layers coatings of the ion exchange material provided on top of one another. The composite membrane exhibits a haze change of 0% or less after being subjected to a blister test procedure. No bubbles or blisters are formed on the composite membrane after the blister test procedure. A haze value of the composite membrane is between 5% and 95%, between 10% and 90% or between 20% and 85%. The composite membrane may have a thickness of more than 17 microns at 0% relative humidity.

Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having a microporous polymer structure, and an ion exchange material forming a continuous ionomer phase within the composite membrane. The continuous ionomer phase refers to absence of any internal interfaces in a layer of ionomer or between any number of layers coatings of the ion exchange material provided on top of one another. The composite membrane exhibits a haze change of 0% or less after being subjected to a blister test procedure. No bubbles or blisters are formed on the composite membrane after the blister test procedure. A haze value of the composite membrane is between 5% and 95%, between 10% and 90% or between 20% and 85%. The composite membrane may have a thickness of more than 17 microns at 0% relative humidity.

An electrochemical method for producing calcium hydroxide includes dissolving a calcium precursor in a first solution in contact with a first electrode to produce Ca.sup.2+ ions, transporting the Ca.sup.2+ ions across a first membrane from the first solution into a second solution using a first electrochemical potential, producing hydroxide ions at a second electrode, transporting the hydroxide ions across a second membrane into the second solution using a second electrochemical potential, and precipitating calcium hydroxide from the second solution.

An electrochemical method for producing calcium hydroxide includes dissolving a calcium precursor in a first solution in contact with a first electrode to produce Ca.sup.2+ ions, transporting the Ca.sup.2+ ions across a first membrane from the first solution into a second solution using a first electrochemical potential, producing hydroxide ions at a second electrode, transporting the hydroxide ions across a second membrane into the second solution using a second electrochemical potential, and precipitating calcium hydroxide from the second solution.

The present disclosure aims at providing an electrolysis apparatus that can efficiently produce hydrogen and can accommodate fluctuating power supplies. A bipolar zero-gap electrolyzer for water electrolysis includes multiple bipolar elements, each of which includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a conductive partition wall provided between the anode and cathode chambers, and outer frames framing the conductive partition wall. The conductive partition wall has protrusions on at least one surface. A conductive elastic body is disposed between a surface of the conductive partition wall opposite the one surface and one of the electrodes. One and the other of the electrodes form conduction with the conductive partition wall at least through the protrusions and at least through the conductive elastic body, respectively. The membrane is sandwiched between the cathode and the anode of the adjacent bipolar elements by elastic stress of the conductive elastic body.