Provided herein are anode assembly, conductive contact strips, electrochemical cells containing the anode assembly and the conductive contact strips, and methods to use and manufacture the same, where the anode assembly includes a plurality of V-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped elements positioned outside the anode shell and in electrical contact with the anode.

Provided herein are anode assembly, conductive contact strips, electrochemical cells containing the anode assembly and the conductive contact strips, and methods to use and manufacture the same, where the anode assembly includes a plurality of V-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped elements positioned outside the anode shell and in electrical contact with the anode.

Disclosed herein are doped perovskite oxides. The doped perovskite oxides may be used as a cathode material in an electrochemical cell to electrochemically generate ammonia from N.sub.2. The doped perovskite oxides may be combined with nitride compounds, for instance iron nitride, to further increase the efficiency of the ammonia production.

Disclosed herein are doped perovskite oxides. The doped perovskite oxides may be used as a cathode material in an electrochemical cell to electrochemically generate ammonia from N.sub.2. The doped perovskite oxides may be combined with nitride compounds, for instance iron nitride, to further increase the efficiency of the ammonia production.

In various embodiments, the invention teaches a method for water splitting with much higher efficiency than previous methods. By decreasing the distance between two electrodes to nanometer scale, even shorter than the electric field screening length, the external power required for water splitting is significantly reduced.

In various embodiments, the invention teaches a method for water splitting with much higher efficiency than previous methods. By decreasing the distance between two electrodes to nanometer scale, even shorter than the electric field screening length, the external power required for water splitting is significantly reduced.

A composite material made of an amorphous (bi)metal sulfide nanoparticles directly linked, through coordinate covalent bonds, to a sulfur-containing polymer and a method of preparation of the composite material. The composite material can also be used as a catalyst for hydrogen production. Finally, a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser and a photoelectrochemical cell, can both including the composite material.

A composite material made of an amorphous (bi)metal sulfide nanoparticles directly linked, through coordinate covalent bonds, to a sulfur-containing polymer and a method of preparation of the composite material. The composite material can also be used as a catalyst for hydrogen production. Finally, a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser and a photoelectrochemical cell, can both including the composite material.

The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for separating a target species (e.g., CO.sub.2) from a gas mixture (e.g., gas stream) via an electrochemical process.

A method of forming a hydrocarbon product and hydrogen gas comprises introducing CH.sub.4 to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprises an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10.sup.−2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 600° C. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell to produce the hydrocarbon product and the hydrogen gas. A CH.sub.4 activation system and an electrochemical cell are also described.