One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating ballast water, which includes: a first step of transporting a raw material from a first base to a second base where a vessel is configured to be anchored; a second step of inputting the raw material into an on-site treatment agent manufacturing facility located at the second base to manufacture a treatment agent; and a third step of supplying the treatment agent to the vessel anchored at the second base and treating ballast water using the treatment agent.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating ballast water, which includes: a first step of transporting a raw material from a first base to a second base where a vessel is configured to be anchored; a second step of inputting the raw material into an on-site treatment agent manufacturing facility located at the second base to manufacture a treatment agent; and a third step of supplying the treatment agent to the vessel anchored at the second base and treating ballast water using the treatment agent.

The present invention relates to an SOEC system (1), comprising a fuel cell stack (2) having a gas side (3) and an air side (4), and an ejector (5) for supplying a process fluid to a gas inlet (6) on the gas side (3), wherein the ejector (5) comprises a primary inlet (7), for introducing a water-containing primary process fluid through a primary line (8) of the SOEC system (1) into a primary portion (9) of the ejector (5), and a secondary inlet (10), for introducing recirculated secondary process fluid through a recirculation line (11) of the SOEC system (1) from a gas outlet (12) on the gas side (3) into a secondary portion (13) of the ejector (5), wherein the SOEC system (1) further comprises a control gas supply portion (14) for supplying control gas into the primary portion (9) and into the secondary portion (13) in order to control a pressure and/or mass flow in the primary portion (9) and in the secondary portion (13), and wherein the control gas supply portion (14) comprises a valve arrangement (19, 20) for controlling the pressure and/or the mass flow in the primary portion (9) and in the secondary portion (13).

The invention further relates to a method for operating an SOEC system (1) according to the invention.

Disclosed herein is an improved method of brine water treatment including the removal of calcium and/or magnesium-based hardness utilizing CO.sub.2 mineralization resulting in permanent sequestration of the CO.sub.2 via stable precipitates in conjunction with hydrogen and chlorine production from the electrolysis of brine water.

A system of utilizing carbon dioxide comprises a carbon dioxide capturing device for capturing carbon dioxide, an electrochemical reaction device for producing synthetic gas by reducing the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capturing device, a hydrogen carrier manufacturing device for manufacturing a hydrogen carrier material by using the synthetic gas produced by the electrochemical reaction device, a dehydrogenation device for producing hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier material manufactured by the hydrogen carrier manufacturing device, and a hydrogen utilization device for utilizing hydrogen produced by the dehydrogenation device, wherein the dehydrogenation device further produces carbon dioxide from the hydrogen carrier material and supplies the carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide capturing device.

A method of producing a gas mixture, said method comprising the steps of: a) subjecting water to electrolysis to obtain a hydrogen gas stream and an oxygen gas stream; b) reacting the hydrogen gas stream with solid carbon to obtain a stream comprising hydrocarbon gas, such as methane gas; and c) mixing the oxygen gas stream with the stream comprising hydrocarbon gas.

A method of producing a gas mixture, said method comprising the steps of: a) subjecting water to electrolysis to obtain a hydrogen gas stream and an oxygen gas stream; b) reacting the hydrogen gas stream with solid carbon to obtain a stream comprising hydrocarbon gas, such as methane gas; and c) mixing the oxygen gas stream with the stream comprising hydrocarbon gas.

An electrolytic device and to a method for operating an electrolysis of water with at least one electrolysis cell, the electrolysis cell having an anode compartment having an anode and a cathode compartment having a cathode. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a proton exchange membrane. The anode compartment is suitable for holding water and oxidising the water on the anode to form a first product including oxygen and the cathode compartment is suitable for holding water and reducing the water on the cathode to a second product including hydrogen. Furthermore, the electrolysis device includes a first gas precipitation device for precipitation of oxygen, the first gas precipitation device for carrying out a natural water circulation being arranged above the electrolysis cell.

Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, and an electrical connector positioned at a distal end of a concentric electrode and electrically connected to the electrode. The electrical connectors may be configured to provide a substantially even current distribution to the concentric electrode and minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be configured to cause a temperature of an electrolyte solution to increase by less than about 0.5° C. while transmitting at least 100 W of power.

Herein discussed is a hydrogen production system comprising: a catalytic partial oxidation (CPDX) reactor; a steam generator; and an electrochemical (EC) reactor; wherein the CPDX reactor product stream is introduced into the EC reactor and the steam generator provides steam to the EC reactor; and wherein the product stream and the steam do not come in contact with each other in the EC reactor. In an embodiment, the EC reactor generates a first product stream comprising CO and CO.sub.2 and a second product stream comprising H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, wherein the two product streams do not come in contact with each other.