A passive dual modulating regulator that responds to a pressure differential between a hydrogen-side and an oxygen-side of one or more proton-exchange membrane (PEM) cells is provided. The passive dual modulating regulator includes a flexible diaphragm that is clamped along its periphery between hemispherical chambers. A bi-directional valve assembly extends through the flexible diaphragm and includes opposing valve plugs for selectively closing the output ports of the respective hemispherical chambers. Large or sustained pressure imbalances between the hydrogen-side and the oxygen-side of a hydrogen generation system are avoided without active control inputs of any kind, and consequently a rupture of the PEM is entirely avoided.

A system is disclosed for providing inerting gas to a protected space, and also providing electrical power. The system includes an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode separated by a separator comprising a proton transfer medium. Inerting gas is produced at the cathode. A fuel source comprising methanol or formaldehyde or ethanol and a water source are each in controllable operative fluid communication with the anode. A controller is configured to alternatively operate the system in a first mode of operation where water is directed to the anode fluid flow path inlet and electric power is directed from a power source to the electrochemical cell, and in a second mode of operation in which the fuel is directed from the fuel source to the anode fluid flow path inlet and electric power is directed from the electrochemical cell to the power sink.

A system includes a high temperature electrolyser, a first line for supplying the electrolyser to supply the electrolyser with steam, a first line for discharging the electrolyser to discharge dihydrogen from the electrolyser, a second line for discharging the electrolyser to discharge dioxygen from the electrolyser, a first heat exchange module to ensure a heat exchange between the first steam supply line and the first dihydrogen discharge line. The system also includes a steam ejector arranged downstream from the first heat exchange module on the first dihydrogen discharge line to inject steam into the first dihydrogen discharge line. The system relates to the field of high temperature electrolysis of water, also with solid oxide and that of solid oxide fuel cells. It applies particularly to optimise the energy consumption of an SOEC electrolyser system.

A system includes a high temperature electrolyser, a first line for supplying the electrolyser to supply the electrolyser with steam, a first line for discharging the electrolyser to discharge dihydrogen from the electrolyser, a second line for discharging the electrolyser to discharge dioxygen from the electrolyser, a first heat exchange module to ensure a heat exchange between the first steam supply line and the first dihydrogen discharge line. The system also includes a steam ejector arranged downstream from the first heat exchange module on the first dihydrogen discharge line to inject steam into the first dihydrogen discharge line. The system relates to the field of high temperature electrolysis of water, also with solid oxide and that of solid oxide fuel cells. It applies particularly to optimise the energy consumption of an SOEC electrolyser system.

A water electrolysis system includes a water electrolysis cell, a power supply, an oxygen tank, and a control device. The water electrolysis cell has a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode provided on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a thickness direction. The water electrolysis cell electrolyzes water by applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode using the power supply. The control device makes the pressure of oxygen generated at the anode relatively higher than the pressure of hydrogen generated at the cathode according to the electrolysis of the water in the water electrolysis cell. The control device makes the pressure of the anode side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane relatively higher than the pressure of the cathode side by supplying the oxygen from the oxygen tank to the anode before the electrolysis starts.

A water electrolysis system includes a water electrolysis cell, a power supply, an oxygen tank, and a control device. The water electrolysis cell has a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode provided on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a thickness direction. The water electrolysis cell electrolyzes water by applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode using the power supply. The control device makes the pressure of oxygen generated at the anode relatively higher than the pressure of hydrogen generated at the cathode according to the electrolysis of the water in the water electrolysis cell. The control device makes the pressure of the anode side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane relatively higher than the pressure of the cathode side by supplying the oxygen from the oxygen tank to the anode before the electrolysis starts.

A plugin modular, transportable ammonia producing machine is developed that can conveniently produce ammonia from electricity, air and water. The invention includes ammonia synthesis through a plugin modular device. FIG. 5 depicts the overall process flow of the system. Water at state 1 enters the system at room temperature in the water storage tank. Next, at state 2, the water in the storage tank is sent to the circulation pump that delivers water to the air compressor. This is done for two main purposes. Firstly, the circulating water cools the compressor during operation. Secondly, as the circulating water rises in temperature while leaving the air compressor, its temperature increases. This results in an increased inlet water temperature to the proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser that leads to higher water electrolysis performance.

An anode mounting member (16) of a fluorine electrolytic cell including: a plurality of stacked annular packings surrounding a sidewall of a cylindrical anode packing gland (14); a cylindrical exterior member (23) surrounding an outer periphery of the packings; and an annular fastening member (24) that fastens the plurality of packings and the exterior member (23) to the anode packing gland (14), wherein among the packings a first ceramic packing (17) is located at an end of the longitudinal direction on an electrolyte tank side, and a second resin packing (18) is adjacent to the first packing (17), central axes of the anode packing gland (14) and the exterior member (23) coincide, an inner diameter (17r) is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm larger than an outer diameter (14R), and an outer diameter (17R) is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm smaller than an inner diameter (23r).

An anode mounting member (16) of a fluorine electrolytic cell including: a plurality of stacked annular packings surrounding a sidewall of a cylindrical anode packing gland (14); a cylindrical exterior member (23) surrounding an outer periphery of the packings; and an annular fastening member (24) that fastens the plurality of packings and the exterior member (23) to the anode packing gland (14), wherein among the packings a first ceramic packing (17) is located at an end of the longitudinal direction on an electrolyte tank side, and a second resin packing (18) is adjacent to the first packing (17), central axes of the anode packing gland (14) and the exterior member (23) coincide, an inner diameter (17r) is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm larger than an outer diameter (14R), and an outer diameter (17R) is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm smaller than an inner diameter (23r).

A system is disclosed for providing inerting gas to a protected space. The system includes an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode separated by a separator comprising a proton transfer medium. The cathode receives air from an air source and discharges an inerting gas to the protected space. The anode receives process water and discharges oxygen and unreacted process water to a process water fluid flow path. The process water fluid flow path includes a liquid-gas separator, and the liquid-gas separator includes an inlet and a liquid outlet each in operative fluid communication with the process water fluid flow path, and a gas outlet that discharges gas removed from the process water fluid flow path.