A process for ammonia synthesis in a synthesis circuit may involve circulating a gas mixture comprising nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia with a conveying device (2) in the synthesis circuit, reacting nitrogen and hydrogen at least partly to ammonia in a converter, and cooling the gas mixture in a cooling device such that ammonia condenses out of the gas mixture. The disadvantages of adsorption drying and of absorption are avoided as hydrogen and nitrogen are introduced at mutually different sections into the synthesis circuit. The process may also involve introducing nitrogen in a flow direction upstream of the converter and/or directly into the converter in the synthesis circuit.

The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus and method for customizing a H.sub.2/CO synthetic gas in a desired ratio by producing a synthetic gas in which H.sub.2 and CO are mixed through hydrolysis of both carbon dioxide and a nitrogen compound with low power. In a low-power electrochemical apparatus for producing a synthetic gas according to the present invention, by performing the reduction of the carbon dioxide at the cathode and the oxidation of the nitrogen compound at the anode at the same time, carbon dioxide conversion efficiency may be improved 30% or more compared to the conventional carbon dioxide conversion system, and a synthetic gas with a desired H.sub.2/CO ratio may be produced by controlling the H.sub.2/CO ratio of the produced synthetic gas, and by reducing a driving voltage, the corrosion problem of electrode materials may be inhibited and the durability of electrodes may be increased.

The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus and method for customizing a H.sub.2/CO synthetic gas in a desired ratio by producing a synthetic gas in which H.sub.2 and CO are mixed through hydrolysis of both carbon dioxide and a nitrogen compound with low power. In a low-power electrochemical apparatus for producing a synthetic gas according to the present invention, by performing the reduction of the carbon dioxide at the cathode and the oxidation of the nitrogen compound at the anode at the same time, carbon dioxide conversion efficiency may be improved 30% or more compared to the conventional carbon dioxide conversion system, and a synthetic gas with a desired H.sub.2/CO ratio may be produced by controlling the H.sub.2/CO ratio of the produced synthetic gas, and by reducing a driving voltage, the corrosion problem of electrode materials may be inhibited and the durability of electrodes may be increased.

Systems and methods for production of hydrogen peroxide, such as high-test peroxide, are disclosed. Representative systems and methods also include aerospace systems and space exploration missions implementing systems and methods for production of hydrogen peroxide. A representative system for making hydrogen peroxide can include: a water electrolyzer for receiving water and separating at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen; a proton-exchange membrane cell for receiving water, hydrogen from the water electrolyzer, and oxygen from the water electrolyzer and for combining the hydrogen, the oxygen, and the water into a first hydrogen peroxide solution having a first concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water; and a hydrogen peroxide concentrator for removing at least some of the water from the first hydrogen peroxide solution to yield a second hydrogen peroxide solution that has a second concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water that is greater than the first concentration.

A method for producing ultra-pure hydrogen is provided which includes heating water for stripping argon from the water; and separating the argon-stripped water into an oxygen stream and a hydrogen stream, wherein the hydrogen stream includes an ultra-pure hydrogen stream. A related system for producing an ultra-pure hydrogen stream is also provided which includes a container in which argon is stripped from water by steam; at least one electrolyzer cell to be contacted by the argon-stripped water; wherein the at least one electrolyzer cell provides an oxygen stream and a hydrogen stream with an argon content less than 0.25 ppm.

A method for producing ultra-pure hydrogen is provided which includes heating water for stripping argon from the water; and separating the argon-stripped water into an oxygen stream and a hydrogen stream, wherein the hydrogen stream includes an ultra-pure hydrogen stream. A related system for producing an ultra-pure hydrogen stream is also provided which includes a container in which argon is stripped from water by steam; at least one electrolyzer cell to be contacted by the argon-stripped water; wherein the at least one electrolyzer cell provides an oxygen stream and a hydrogen stream with an argon content less than 0.25 ppm.

A supported catalyst for reducing CO.sub.2 is provided. The supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles; and a plurality of catalyst particles disposed over each support particle. Characteristically, the catalyst particles has formula PdH.sub.x/C wherein x is 0.3 to 0.7. Methods for making the support particles and using the support particles to reduce carbon dioxide are also provided.

A supported catalyst for reducing CO.sub.2 is provided. The supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles; and a plurality of catalyst particles disposed over each support particle. Characteristically, the catalyst particles has formula PdH.sub.x/C wherein x is 0.3 to 0.7. Methods for making the support particles and using the support particles to reduce carbon dioxide are also provided.

Soot removal process at or inside a synthesis gas- and/or CO-containing gas production apparatus using as feed gases carbon dioxide, steam, hydrogen and/or a hydrocarbon-containing residual gas and using electrical energy in RWGS processes, electrolyses for electrochemical decomposition of carbon dioxide and/or steam, reforming operations and/or synthesis gas production processes with at least one gas production unit, an electrolysis stack and/or a heater-reactor combination for performing an RWGS reaction and at least one cooling sector/recuperator for CO-containing gas and/or synthesis gas, and also a soot removal assembly. Formation of soot can be suppressed or prevented during gas cooling and soot that is nevertheless deposited can be removed again from the heat exchanger surface.

A system for hydrogen generation includes at least one cabinet defining a first volume, a second volume, and a third volume, where the first volume, the second volume and the third volume are fluidically isolated from each other, a water circuit located in the first volume, an electrochemical module including an electrolyzer electrochemical stack located in the second volume, a hydrogen circuit located in the third volume, at least one first fluid connector fluidly connecting the water circuit and the electrolyzer electrochemical stack, and at least one second fluid connector fluidly connecting the electrolyzer electrochemical stack and the hydrogen circuit.