There is provided a rotary seal capable of delaying a progress of corrosion of a steel-made member without increasing manufacturing cost even when a solution containing an electrolyte is present around a contact portion between a stainless steel-made member and the steel-made member. At least one of (i) a metal fitting portion A between a sleeve 2A of a stainless steel-made slinger 2 of a rotary seal 1A and an inner ring 12 that is a steel-made radially inner member, and (ii) an outside-air side surface of the slinger 2, which includes an outside-air side end portion of the fitting portion A, is provided with at least one of a silane-based adhesive layer containing powder of metal having a higher ionization tendency than iron, a thermosetting resin adhesive layer containing powder of metal having a higher ionization tendency than iron, and a coating film containing powder of metal having a higher ionization tendency than iron.

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for producing metal clusters; functionalized surfaces; and droplets including solvated metal ions. In certain aspects, the invention provides methods that involve providing a metal and a solvent. The methods additionally involve applying voltage to the solvated metal to thereby produce solvent droplets including ions of the metal containing compound, and directing the solvent droplets including the metal ions to a target. In certain embodiments, once at the target, the metal ions can react directly or catalyze reactions.

The present disclosure relates to a process and system for recovery of one or more metal values using solution extraction techniques and to a system for metal value recovery. In an exemplary embodiment, the solution extraction system comprises a first solution extraction circuit and a second solution extraction circuit. A first metal-bearing solution is provided to the first and second circuit, and a second metal-bearing solution is provided to the first circuit. The first circuit produces a first rich electrolyte solution, which can be forwarded to primary metal value recovery, and a low-grade raffinate, which is forwarded to secondary metal value recovery. The second circuit produces a second rich electrolyte solution, which is also forwarded to primary metal value recovery. The first and second solution extraction circuits have independent organic phases and each circuit can operate independently of the other circuit.

The present disclosure relates to a process and system for recovery of one or more metal values using solution extraction techniques and to a system for metal value recovery. In an exemplary embodiment, the solution extraction system comprises a first solution extraction circuit and a second solution extraction circuit. A first metal-bearing solution is provided to the first and second circuit, and a second metal-bearing solution is provided to the first circuit. The first circuit produces a first rich electrolyte solution, which can be forwarded to primary metal value recovery, and a low-grade raffinate, which is forwarded to secondary metal value recovery. The second circuit produces a second rich electrolyte solution, which is also forwarded to primary metal value recovery. The first and second solution extraction circuits have independent organic phases and each circuit can operate independently of the other circuit.

An anode assembly is provided having a pair of channels; anodes in slidable communication with the channels; conduit to direct carrier gas to the anode; and conduit to remove reaction gas from the anode. Also provided is a method for continuously feeding anodes into a electrolytic bath, the method having the steps of stacking the anodes such that all of the anodes reside in the same plane and wherein the stack includes a bottom anode; contacting the bottom anode with the electrolytic bath for a time and at a current sufficient to cause the bottom anode to be consumed during an electrolytic process; using gravity to replace the bottom anode with other anodes defining the stack.

An anode assembly is provided having a pair of channels; anodes in slidable communication with the channels; conduit to direct carrier gas to the anode; and conduit to remove reaction gas from the anode. Also provided is a method for continuously feeding anodes into a electrolytic bath, the method having the steps of stacking the anodes such that all of the anodes reside in the same plane and wherein the stack includes a bottom anode; contacting the bottom anode with the electrolytic bath for a time and at a current sufficient to cause the bottom anode to be consumed during an electrolytic process; using gravity to replace the bottom anode with other anodes defining the stack.

Provided is a tungsten electrode for molten salt electrolysis for rare earth metals preparation, including an open tungsten shell and a copper alloy body; wherein the copper alloy body is arranged inside the open tungsten shell; a tungsten buffer layer is provided between a side wall of the copper alloy body and the open tungsten shell; and a bottom of the copper alloy body is in contact with an inner bottom of the open tungsten shell.

This invention presents an electrochemical metallurgical technique for extracting metals and sulfur from metal sulfides, offering an adjustable composition and mechanical properties during electrode preparation. The metal sulfide anode, submerged in an electrolyte with a cathode made of materials like titanium, copper, stainless steel, lead, zinc, aluminum or graphite, undergoes electrolysis. This process oxidizes sulfur in the metal sulfide to the anode and releases metal ions into the electrolyte, where they're reduced at the cathode. The method yields metal at the cathode and sulfur at the anode, with minimal environmental impact, low investment, and straightforward process.

This invention presents an electrochemical metallurgical technique for extracting metals and sulfur from metal sulfides, offering an adjustable composition and mechanical properties during electrode preparation. The metal sulfide anode, submerged in an electrolyte with a cathode made of materials like titanium, copper, stainless steel, lead, zinc, aluminum or graphite, undergoes electrolysis. This process oxidizes sulfur in the metal sulfide to the anode and releases metal ions into the electrolyte, where they're reduced at the cathode. The method yields metal at the cathode and sulfur at the anode, with minimal environmental impact, low investment, and straightforward process.

Electrochemically reacting a lanthanide or actinide in solvent at a working electrode; wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent such as acetonitrile which have a dielectric constant of at least three; wherein the solvent system further comprises an electrolyte; wherein the working electrode comprises an ionically conducting or permeable film such as a fluorosulfonate film; wherein at least one ligand such as triflate distinct from the ionically conducting or permeable film is present; wherein the ligand is chemically similar to a structure in the ionically conducting or ionically permeable film; and optionally wherein the electrochemical oxidation or reduction is carried out under the influence of a magnetic field which favorably enhances the reaction. Improved electrochemical methods, identification, and separation can be achieved. Also, an electrochemical device, wherein the device is adapted to employ the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode, wherein the cathode is magnetically modified, or the electrolyte comprises at least one lanthanide or actinide, or both.