The present disclosure relates to a method for refining beryllium by molten salt electrolysis, the method comprises: firstly, constructing an electrochemical system, wherein an anode chamber contains an anode molten salt electrolyte, a crude beryllium anode is inserted in the anode molten salt electrolyte, a cathode chamber contains a cathode molten salt electrolyte, a cathode is inserted in the cathode molten salt electrolyte, the anode molten salt electrolyte and the cathode molten salt electrolyte are not in contact with each other but are connected with each other via a liquid alloy at the bottom of the inside of an electrolysis cell; and applying a current for electrolysis to obtain refined solid beryllium at the cathode.

Disclosed is an aqueous electrolyte solution that is difficult to be reduced to be decomposed, and that can improve properties of a lithium ion secondary battery when the solution is applied to the battery. The aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery includes: water; a lithium ion; a TFSI anion; and a cation that can form an ionic liquid when the cation forms a salt along with the TSFI anion in an atmospheric atmosphere, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an imidazolium cation.

Disclosed is an aqueous electrolyte solution that is difficult to be reduced to be decomposed, and that can improve properties of a lithium ion secondary battery when the solution is applied to the battery. The aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery includes: water; a lithium ion; a TFSI anion; and a cation that can form an ionic liquid when the cation forms a salt along with the TSFI anion in an atmospheric atmosphere, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an imidazolium cation.

The invention relates to methods for generating hydrogen for use as an energy source by contacting a proton-delivery liquid with at least one metal hydride or one metal, selected from a metal hydride or a metal or an admixture of metals or metal hydrides, where the at least one metal hydride or metal selected and conditions of contact, namely the temperature, are set in such a way that a spontaneous reaction occurs that releases hydrogen. Alternatively, a method for generating hydrogen for use as an energy source where a metal hydride is heated at a raised temperature where the metal hydride releases hydrogen. Furthermore, the invention relates to vehicles and power stations that use hydrogen as an energy source.

The present invention relates to a method of simultaneously recovering cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) from lithium-based BATTERY, and more particularly, to a method that is capable of simultaneously recovering cobalt and manganese from lithium-based BATTERY, i.e., recycled resources that contain large amounts of cobalt and manganese, with high purities using multistage leaching and electrowinning methods. According to the method of the present invention, cobalt and manganese can be simultaneously recovered from lithium-based BATTERY as recycled resources, and a recovery method that is cost-effective compared to conventional methods can be provided.

The present invention relates to a method of simultaneously recovering cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) from lithium-based BATTERY, and more particularly, to a method that is capable of simultaneously recovering cobalt and manganese from lithium-based BATTERY, i.e., recycled resources that contain large amounts of cobalt and manganese, with high purities using multistage leaching and electrowinning methods. According to the method of the present invention, cobalt and manganese can be simultaneously recovered from lithium-based BATTERY as recycled resources, and a recovery method that is cost-effective compared to conventional methods can be provided.

The present disclosure relates to reactions with an electropositive metal. Specific embodiments may include reactions of electropositive metals with a liquid, undergoing at least partial reaction in the liquid, e.g., a method comprising: atomizing or jetting the electropositive metal; introducing the electropositive metal into the liquid below a surface of the liquid; and producing at least partial reaction of the electropositive metal in the liquid.

Alkali metals and sulfur may be recovered from alkali monosulfide and polysulfides in an electrolytic process that utilizes an electrolytic cell having an alkali ion conductive membrane. An anolyte includes an alkali monosulfide, an alkali polysulfide, or a mixture thereof and a solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur. A catholyte includes molten alkali metal. Applying an electric current oxidizes sulfide and polysulfide in the anolyte compartment, causes alkali metal ions to pass through the alkali ion conductive membrane to the catholyte compartment, and reduces the alkali metal ions in the catholyte compartment. Liquid sulfur separates from the anolyte and may be recovered. The electrolytic cell is operated at a temperature where the formed alkali metal and sulfur are molten.

Alkali metals and sulfur may be recovered from alkali monosulfide and polysulfides in an electrolytic process that utilizes an electrolytic cell having an alkali ion conductive membrane. An anolyte includes an alkali monosulfide, an alkali polysulfide, or a mixture thereof and a solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur. A catholyte includes molten alkali metal. Applying an electric current oxidizes sulfide and polysulfide in the anolyte compartment, causes alkali metal ions to pass through the alkali ion conductive membrane to the catholyte compartment, and reduces the alkali metal ions in the catholyte compartment. Liquid sulfur separates from the anolyte and may be recovered. The electrolytic cell is operated at a temperature where the formed alkali metal and sulfur are molten.

Methods separates a gas comprising providing a first electrode in ion-conducting contact with an electrolyte, providing a second electrode in ion-conducting contact with the electrolyte, wherein the second electrode comprises a liquid metal, providing a displacing material comprising a first surface in contact with the second electrode and a second surface exposed to an environment outside the second electrode, wherein said material permits flow of gas and impedes flow of liquid metal, and establishing a potential between the first and second electrodes, whereby gas flows toward the liquid metal. Other aspects include methods and apparatuses comprising electrodes, electrolytes and displacing materials.