A method for producing an aluminum material, including: providing an electrolytic cell in which an anode electrode containing 0.01 to 30% by mass Si and Al and a cathode electrode are immersed in an electrolytic solution and depositing aluminum on the cathode electrode by energizing the anode electrode and the cathode electrode in the electrolytic solution.

The design of a metal inert anode is proposed, it is made in the form of a perforated structure with through-openings, in particular formed by longitudinal and transverse anode elements intersecting each other and limited by the lateral sides of the intersecting anode elements, and contains vertical or inclined fins that protrude from the bath and are integrated with the anode elements or a current conductor. As a result, it ensures a reduction in the voltage drop in the anode and in the bubble layer under the anode, a reduction in the anode overvoltage and anode consumption, an increase in current efficiency and the reliability of the cryolite-alumina crust, which leads to an increase in the anode service life and promotes the formation of a reliable and durable cryolite-alumina crust above the melt surface, which improves process efficiency.

The design of a metal inert anode is proposed, it is made in the form of a perforated structure with through-openings, in particular formed by longitudinal and transverse anode elements intersecting each other and limited by the lateral sides of the intersecting anode elements, and contains vertical or inclined fins that protrude from the bath and are integrated with the anode elements or a current conductor. As a result, it ensures a reduction in the voltage drop in the anode and in the bubble layer under the anode, a reduction in the anode overvoltage and anode consumption, an increase in current efficiency and the reliability of the cryolite-alumina crust, which leads to an increase in the anode service life and promotes the formation of a reliable and durable cryolite-alumina crust above the melt surface, which improves process efficiency.

A process for production of metal(s) by molten-salt electrolysis includes direct non-carbothermic chlorinating of ore containing metal oxide(s) to produce metal chloride(s); and electrolysis of molten salt(s) of the metal chloride(s) for electrowinning of metal(s) product.

An apparatus, also named transfer box or TB, for conveying an anode assembly outside of an electrolyte cell is described. An apparatus, also named cell preheater lifting beam or CPLB, for conveying an anode assembly or a cell pre-heater outside of an electrolyte cell is also disclosed. TB and CPLB are conjointly used for starting up the electrolytic cell or for replacing a spent anode assembly while maintaining the production of non-ferrous metal, such as aluminum or aluminium. The thermal insulation of the TB allows maintaining the anode temperature homogeneity and preventing thermal shocks when introducing the inert anodes into the hot electrolytic bath. TN and CPLB allow accurate positioning of anode assemblies or cell-preheaters over the electrolysis cell before achieving mechanical and electrical connections of the anode assembly or the cell pre-heater to the electrolysis cell. Several related methods for the operation of an electrolytic cell are also disclosed.

An apparatus, also named transfer box or TB, for conveying an anode assembly outside of an electrolyte cell is described. An apparatus, also named cell preheater lifting beam or CPLB, for conveying an anode assembly or a cell pre-heater outside of an electrolyte cell is also disclosed. TB and CPLB are conjointly used for starting up the electrolytic cell or for replacing a spent anode assembly while maintaining the production of non-ferrous metal, such as aluminum or aluminium. The thermal insulation of the TB allows maintaining the anode temperature homogeneity and preventing thermal shocks when introducing the inert anodes into the hot electrolytic bath. TN and CPLB allow accurate positioning of anode assemblies or cell-preheaters over the electrolysis cell before achieving mechanical and electrical connections of the anode assembly or the cell pre-heater to the electrolysis cell. Several related methods for the operation of an electrolytic cell are also disclosed.

A process for producing ammonia and an apparatus for producing ammonia are disclosed herein. The process includes: the electrolytic production of a metal at a cathode of an electrolysis cell, wherein the metal is selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al and/or alloys and/or mixtures thereof; production of a nitride of the metal M by reaction of the electrolytically produced metal with a gas including nitrogen; introduction of the nitride of the metal M into the electrolysis cell (e.g., into an anode chamber of the electrolysis cell); and reaction of the nitride of the metal M at an anode of the electrolysis cell to produce ammonia.

A process for producing ammonia and an apparatus for producing ammonia are disclosed herein. The process includes: the electrolytic production of a metal at a cathode of an electrolysis cell, wherein the metal is selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al and/or alloys and/or mixtures thereof; production of a nitride of the metal M by reaction of the electrolytically produced metal with a gas including nitrogen; introduction of the nitride of the metal M into the electrolysis cell (e.g., into an anode chamber of the electrolysis cell); and reaction of the nitride of the metal M at an anode of the electrolysis cell to produce ammonia.

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of reduction cells. A method for lining a cathode of a reduction cell for production of aluminum includes filling a cathode device shell with a thermal insulation layer and leveling said layer; filling, leveling and compacting a refractory layer; installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste. Prior to filling a shell bottom with the thermal insulation layer, a layer of fine carbonized particles is formed. The inventive method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of primary aluminum allows to reduce the cost of lining materials and energy consumption for reduction cell operation by means of improved heat resistance of a base and to increase the service life of reduction cells.

An aluminum alloy contains at least one additive element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Cu, Cr, and Zn in an amount of 0.010% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less, and C in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.