A liquefier tube for an additive manufacturing system, including a body provided with a feed channel including a feeding portion having a first diameter, an outlet portion having a second diameter, the first diameter being larger than the second diameter, and a transitional portion interconnecting the feeding portion and the outlet portion. The transitional portion has a decreasing third diameter from the first diameter to the second diameter, and an inner surface of the transitional portion is provided with a plurality of ribs. Methods of manufacturing the liquefier tube.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure in a physiological buffer solution and a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure using the same, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure that is tightly sealed even under physiological ionic conditions by applying pressure during electroformation to improve a membrane fusion function, and a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure using the same.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure in a physiological buffer solution and a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure using the same, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure that is tightly sealed even under physiological ionic conditions by applying pressure during electroformation to improve a membrane fusion function, and a 3D biological bilayer membrane structure using the same.

In one embodiment, an alloy microstructure structure includes a bottom plate made of an aluminum alloy, and a plurality of elongated pillars that extend from the bottom plate, the pillars being made of the aluminum alloy and having lengths no greater than 10 centimeters.

In one embodiment, an alloy microstructure structure includes a bottom plate made of an aluminum alloy, and a plurality of elongated pillars that extend from the bottom plate, the pillars being made of the aluminum alloy and having lengths no greater than 10 centimeters.

A lost wax cast vapor chamber device is provided. Once a mesh is produced, a meltable core is formed from a meltable core material with the mesh positioned at least partially inside the core. Over the meltable core a metallic layer is formed, at least partially surrounding the meltable core. A chamber formed by the metallic layer is exposed by melting the meltable core to cause it to be removed from an internal void of the chamber, the internal void encapsulating the mesh. The melted material from the meltable core flows out an opening on at least one surface of the chamber. Subsequently, the internal void is filled at least partially with a working fluid and the opening is closed. The mesh supports the surfaces of the chamber against deformation under the vacuum of the internal void. Movement of working fluid by capillary action is facilitated by the mesh.

A lost wax cast vapor chamber device is provided. Once a mesh is produced, a meltable core is formed from a meltable core material with the mesh positioned at least partially inside the core. Over the meltable core a metallic layer is formed, at least partially surrounding the meltable core. A chamber formed by the metallic layer is exposed by melting the meltable core to cause it to be removed from an internal void of the chamber, the internal void encapsulating the mesh. The melted material from the meltable core flows out an opening on at least one surface of the chamber. Subsequently, the internal void is filled at least partially with a working fluid and the opening is closed. The mesh supports the surfaces of the chamber against deformation under the vacuum of the internal void. Movement of working fluid by capillary action is facilitated by the mesh.

Duct assembly and method of forming a duct assembly, the method including providing a preform body having an outer surface, disposing the preform body adjacent a sacrificial mandrel such that at least a portion of the preform body abuts an outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel, forming the duct assembly by depositing metal on the outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel and the preform body to define a unitary metallic tubular element with integral preform body and where depositing metal occurs at a temperature that does not damage the sacrificial mandrel, and removing the sacrificial mandrel to define the duct assembly.

Duct assembly and method of forming a duct assembly, the method including providing a preform body having an outer surface, disposing the preform body adjacent a sacrificial mandrel such that at least a portion of the preform body abuts an outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel, forming the duct assembly by depositing metal on the outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel and the preform body to define a unitary metallic tubular element with integral preform body and where depositing metal occurs at a temperature that does not damage the sacrificial mandrel, and removing the sacrificial mandrel to define the duct assembly.

A method of forming a tubular element includes providing an attachment joint, and disposing a mandrel adjacent the attachment joint, where the mandrel can also include an outer or exposed surface. Metal can be disposed on the outer surface of the mandrel to form at least a portion of the tubular element.