A sheath for a leading edge structure comprises a sheath core and a protective electroformed coating provided on an external surface of the sheath core.

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabrication of microtube engines using membrane template electrodeposition. Such nanomotors operate based on bubble-induced propulsion in biological fluids and salt-rich environments. In one aspect, fabricating microengines includes depositing a polymer layer on a membrane template, depositing a conductive metal layer on the polymer layer, and dissolving the membrane template to release the multilayer microtubes.

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabrication of microtube engines using membrane template electrodeposition. Such nanomotors operate based on bubble-induced propulsion in biological fluids and salt-rich environments. In one aspect, fabricating microengines includes depositing a polymer layer on a membrane template, depositing a conductive metal layer on the polymer layer, and dissolving the membrane template to release the multilayer microtubes.

A new electrospray emitter capable of cone-jet mode spray for liquid flow-rates from sub-microliter/minute to 10's of microliters/minute is provided. The high efficiency of ionization and vaporization enabled by the disclosed spray emitter provides improved sensitivity for mass spectrometer detection. The disclosed spray emitter sprays consistently and robustly a liquid buffer having a large range of compositions of aqueous and organic solvents, and is not sensitive to the polarity of the electric field used to induce spray. The fluidic channel leading to the spray emitter opening does not have an internal taper rendering the spray emitter clog-resistant.

A new electrospray emitter capable of cone-jet mode spray for liquid flow-rates from sub-microliter/minute to 10's of microliters/minute is provided. The high efficiency of ionization and vaporization enabled by the disclosed spray emitter provides improved sensitivity for mass spectrometer detection. The disclosed spray emitter sprays consistently and robustly a liquid buffer having a large range of compositions of aqueous and organic solvents, and is not sensitive to the polarity of the electric field used to induce spray. The fluidic channel leading to the spray emitter opening does not have an internal taper rendering the spray emitter clog-resistant.

A component can be formed having an integral monolithic body. The integral monolithic body can be formed utilizing electroforming processes such as electrodeposition of metal alloys. The electroformed monolithic body can be formed utilizing multiple anodes powered by multiple power sources. The monolithic body can have differing local material properties determined during formation of the component.

A component can be formed having an integral monolithic body. The integral monolithic body can be formed utilizing electroforming processes such as electrodeposition of metal alloys. The electroformed monolithic body can be formed utilizing multiple anodes powered by multiple power sources. The monolithic body can have differing local material properties determined during formation of the component.

A method of forming a strengthened component includes forming a sacrificial material into a mold of the component having an outer surface, disposing an insert having an inner surface and an outer surface opposite and spaced from the inner surface such that the strengthening insert inner surface abuts the mold outer surface, forming the component by way of electrodisposition of a metallic layer over the exposed mold outer surface and the exposed strengthening insert outer surface, and removing the sacrificial material from the component.

A method of forming a strengthened component includes forming a sacrificial material into a mold of the component having an outer surface, disposing an insert having an inner surface and an outer surface opposite and spaced from the inner surface such that the strengthening insert inner surface abuts the mold outer surface, forming the component by way of electrodisposition of a metallic layer over the exposed mold outer surface and the exposed strengthening insert outer surface, and removing the sacrificial material from the component.

A method of manufacturing a combustor of a rocket engine includes preparing a combustor inner tube (20) having cooling ditches (24); and providing an outer layer (30) on the outer circumferential surface of the combustor inner tube (20) to cover the cooling ditches (24). An LMD layer (50) is stacked on the outer circumferential surface of the outer layer (30) by an LMD process.