Provided is an apparatus for electro-forming. The apparatus for electro-forming includes a plating bath which is a space where a substrate is plated and a clamp disposed within the plating bath and configured to grasp the substrate disposed in a horizontal direction. The apparatus for electro-forming further includes an assembly including an anode spaced above the substrate and connected to an external power supply and a plating solution supply unit spaced above the substrate and configured to supply a plating solution. The apparatus for electro-forming also includes a driving unit configured to reciprocate the assembly in a horizontal direction at a distance from the substrate. The assembly further includes an insulator between the anode and the plating solution supply unit.

Provided is an apparatus for electro-forming. The apparatus for electro-forming includes a plating bath which is a space where a substrate is plated and a clamp disposed within the plating bath and configured to grasp the substrate disposed in a horizontal direction. The apparatus for electro-forming further includes an assembly including an anode spaced above the substrate and connected to an external power supply and a plating solution supply unit spaced above the substrate and configured to supply a plating solution. The apparatus for electro-forming also includes a driving unit configured to reciprocate the assembly in a horizontal direction at a distance from the substrate. The assembly further includes an insulator between the anode and the plating solution supply unit.

A mask and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a mask includes forming a conductive layer on a pattern region and an auxiliary region around the pattern region of a substrate, placing the substrate including the conductive layer in a plating bath, forming a plating layer on the conductive layer, and separating the substrate and the conductive layer from the plating layer.

A mask and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a mask includes forming a conductive layer on a pattern region and an auxiliary region around the pattern region of a substrate, placing the substrate including the conductive layer in a plating bath, forming a plating layer on the conductive layer, and separating the substrate and the conductive layer from the plating layer.

A metal sheet has a longitudinal direction and a width direction. The metal sheet has shapes in the width direction that are taken at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet and differ from one another. Each of the shapes is an undulated shape including protrusions and depressions repeating in the width direction of the metal sheet. A length in the width direction of a surface of the metal sheet is a surface distance. A minimum value of surface distances at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet is a minimum surface distance. A ratio of a difference between a surface distance and the minimum surface distance to the minimum surface distance is an elongation difference ratio in the width direction. A maximum value of elongation difference ratios is less than or equal to 210.sup.5.

A metal sheet has a longitudinal direction and a width direction. The metal sheet has shapes in the width direction that are taken at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet and differ from one another. Each of the shapes is an undulated shape including protrusions and depressions repeating in the width direction of the metal sheet. A length in the width direction of a surface of the metal sheet is a surface distance. A minimum value of surface distances at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet is a minimum surface distance. A ratio of a difference between a surface distance and the minimum surface distance to the minimum surface distance is an elongation difference ratio in the width direction. A maximum value of elongation difference ratios is less than or equal to 210.sup.5.

Duct assembly and method of forming a duct assembly, the method including providing a preform body having an outer surface, disposing the preform body adjacent a sacrificial mandrel such that at least a portion of the preform body abuts an outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel, forming the duct assembly by depositing metal on the outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel and the preform body to define a unitary metallic tubular element with integral preform body and where depositing metal occurs at a temperature that does not damage the sacrificial mandrel, and removing the sacrificial mandrel to define the duct assembly.

A metal mask includes: at least one cell region, and a plurality of holes defined in the at least one cell region, wherein the at least one cell region comprises at least two metallic materials having iron and nickel, each metallic material having a laser absorption ratio of about 30% or higher.

Provided are a production method of a mold, a manufacturing method of a pattern sheet, a production method of an electroform, a production method of a mold using an electroform, and an original. The production method includes: preparing an original having an inclined portion which is formed in an enclosed shape on an outer peripheral portion of a protruding pattern formed at a center portion on a base and gradually increases in thickness from inside toward outside, and a thermoplastic resin sheet; and forming a recessed pattern on the thermoplastic resin sheet by pressing the original which is heated against the thermoplastic resin sheet at a position where a flat surface of the original and a surface of the thermoplastic resin sheet are separated from each other, cooling the original in the state where the original is pressed, and separating the original from the thermoplastic resin sheet.

Provided are a production method of a mold, a manufacturing method of a pattern sheet, a production method of an electroform, a production method of a mold using an electroform, and an original. The production method includes: preparing an original having an inclined portion which is formed in an enclosed shape on an outer peripheral portion of a protruding pattern formed at a center portion on a base and gradually increases in thickness from inside toward outside, and a thermoplastic resin sheet; and forming a recessed pattern on the thermoplastic resin sheet by pressing the original which is heated against the thermoplastic resin sheet at a position where a flat surface of the original and a surface of the thermoplastic resin sheet are separated from each other, cooling the original in the state where the original is pressed, and separating the original from the thermoplastic resin sheet.