A metal sheet has a longitudinal direction and a width direction. The metal sheet has shapes in the width direction that are taken at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet and differ from one another. Each of the shapes is an undulated shape including protrusions and depressions repeating in the width direction of the metal sheet. A length in the width direction of a surface of the metal sheet is a surface distance. A minimum value of surface distances at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet is a minimum surface distance. A ratio of a difference between a surface distance and the minimum surface distance to the minimum surface distance is an elongation difference ratio in the width direction. A maximum value of elongation difference ratios is less than or equal to 210.sup.5.

A metal sheet has a longitudinal direction and a width direction. The metal sheet has shapes in the width direction that are taken at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet and differ from one another. Each of the shapes is an undulated shape including protrusions and depressions repeating in the width direction of the metal sheet. A length in the width direction of a surface of the metal sheet is a surface distance. A minimum value of surface distances at different positions in the longitudinal direction of the metal sheet is a minimum surface distance. A ratio of a difference between a surface distance and the minimum surface distance to the minimum surface distance is an elongation difference ratio in the width direction. A maximum value of elongation difference ratios is less than or equal to 210.sup.5.

A process for manufacturing a mould including: a) providing a first substrate made of photosensitive glass of thickness of at least equal to the height of the mould, b) illuminating the first substrate with UV rays through a mask the windows of which correspond to the depression of the mould in order to create illuminated zones, c) carrying out a heat treatment on the first substrate obtained in step b) in order to crystallize the illuminated zones, d) providing a second substrate having at least one conductive layer on its surface, e) joining the first substrate obtained in step c) with the second substrate so that the conductive layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, f) removing the illuminated and crystallized zones of the first substrate so as to uncover the conductive layer, forming a cavity with sidewalls and a bottom occupied by the conductive layer of the mould.

A process for manufacturing a mould including: a) providing a first substrate made of photosensitive glass of thickness of at least equal to the height of the mould, b) illuminating the first substrate with UV rays through a mask the windows of which correspond to the depression of the mould in order to create illuminated zones, c) carrying out a heat treatment on the first substrate obtained in step b) in order to crystallize the illuminated zones, d) providing a second substrate having at least one conductive layer on its surface, e) joining the first substrate obtained in step c) with the second substrate so that the conductive layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, f) removing the illuminated and crystallized zones of the first substrate so as to uncover the conductive layer, forming a cavity with sidewalls and a bottom occupied by the conductive layer of the mould.

A three-dimensional porous composite structure comprises a porous structure and at least one carbon nanotube structure. The porous structure has a plurality of metal ligaments and a plurality of pores. The at least one carbon nanotube structure is embedded in the porous structure and comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end to end by van der Waals attractive force, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged along a same direction.

Proposed are a highly reliable metal molded article manufactured using a combination of a mold made of an anodic aluminum oxide film and a patternable mold, and a method for manufacturing the same.

A mask and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a mask includes forming a conductive layer on a pattern region and an auxiliary region around the pattern region of a substrate, placing the substrate including the conductive layer in a plating bath, forming a plating layer on the conductive layer, and separating the substrate and the conductive layer from the plating layer.

A mask and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a mask includes forming a conductive layer on a pattern region and an auxiliary region around the pattern region of a substrate, placing the substrate including the conductive layer in a plating bath, forming a plating layer on the conductive layer, and separating the substrate and the conductive layer from the plating layer.

Provided are a production method of a mold having a recessed pattern, and a manufacturing method of a pattern sheet having good accuracy and excellent productivity. The production method of a mold includes: a step of preparing an electroform having a protruding pattern and a mold having a first mold and a second mold forming a cavity; a step of fixing the electroform excluding an end portion of the electroform to the first mold; a clamping step of clamping the electroform excluding the end portion of the electroform and a region of the protruding pattern between the first mold and the second mold to form the cavity; and an injection step of filling the cavity with a resin.

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for a shadow mask. A shadow mask (200), comprising: a frame (210) made of a metallic material, and one or more mask patterns (205) coupled to the frame (210), the one or more mask patterns (205) comprising a metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than or equal to about 14 microns/meter/degrees Celsius and having a plurality of openings (215) formed therein, the metal having a thickness of about 5 microns to about 50 microns and having borders (355) formed therein each defining a fine opening (215) having a recessed surface (370) formed on a substrate contact surface (375) thereof.