Apparatus and method for cleaning the inner surface of a pipeline from deposits and for forming a protective coating are disclosed. The apparatus includes a cleaning tool which is caused to move in the interior of the pipeline by a flow of a fluid, the cleaning tool comprising a plurality of guide discs engaging the pipeline surface and mounted along a longitudinal axis of the cleaning tool, an anode positioned inside the cleaning tool, and an impressed current source electrically connected to the anode and the interior of the pipeline, the interior of the pipeline acting as a cathode when current is applied from the current source so that ions flow from the anode, through the fluid, to the interior of the pipeline.

Apparatus and method for cleaning the inner surface of a pipeline from deposits and for forming a protective coating are disclosed. The apparatus includes a cleaning tool which is caused to move in the interior of the pipeline by a flow of a fluid, the cleaning tool comprising a plurality of guide discs engaging the pipeline surface and mounted along a longitudinal axis of the cleaning tool, an anode positioned inside the cleaning tool, and an impressed current source electrically connected to the anode and the interior of the pipeline, the interior of the pipeline acting as a cathode when current is applied from the current source so that ions flow from the anode, through the fluid, to the interior of the pipeline.

Apparatus and method for cleaning the inner surface of a pipeline from deposits and for forming a protective coating are disclosed. The apparatus includes a cleaning tool which is caused to move in the interior of the pipeline by a flow of a fluid, the cleaning tool comprising a plurality of guide discs engaging the pipeline surface and mounted along a longitudinal axis of the cleaning tool, an anode positioned inside the cleaning tool, and an impressed current source electrically connected to the anode and the interior of the pipeline, the interior of the pipeline acting as a cathode when current is applied from the current source so that ions flow from the anode, through the fluid, to the interior of the pipeline.

Apparatus and method for cleaning the inner surface of a pipeline from deposits and for forming a protective coating are disclosed. The apparatus includes a cleaning tool which is caused to move in the interior of the pipeline by a flow of a fluid, the cleaning tool comprising a plurality of guide discs engaging the pipeline surface and mounted along a longitudinal axis of the cleaning tool, an anode positioned inside the cleaning tool, and an impressed current source electrically connected to the anode and the interior of the pipeline, the interior of the pipeline acting as a cathode when current is applied from the current source so that ions flow from the anode, through the fluid, to the interior of the pipeline.

Provided is a copper foil. The copper foil includes a copper layer and a protective layer disposed on the copper layer, wherein a surface of the protective layer has a maximum height roughness (R.sub.max) of 0.6 m to 3.5 m, a peak density (PD) of 5 to 110, and an oxygen atomic amount of 22 at % (atomic %) to 67 at %.

Provided is a copper foil. The copper foil includes a copper layer and a protective layer disposed on the copper layer, wherein a surface of the protective layer has a maximum height roughness (R.sub.max) of 0.6 m to 3.5 m, a peak density (PD) of 5 to 110, and an oxygen atomic amount of 22 at % (atomic %) to 67 at %.

Electroplating apparatus and electroplating method using the same. Provided is an electroplating apparatus. The electroplating apparatus includes a plating bath and a stage configured to support a substrate loaded into the plating bath to be disposed in a horizontal direction. The electroplating apparatus further includes a plurality of cathodes disposed on both sides of the substrate and an anode configured to be movable above the substrate. The electroplating apparatus also includes a plurality of spray nozzles disposed on at least one side of the anode and configured to spray a plating solution. The electroplating apparatus further includes a shield which is disposed on both sides of the anode and whose one end is more adjacent to the substrate than the anode.

Electroplating apparatus and electroplating method using the same. Provided is an electroplating apparatus. The electroplating apparatus includes a plating bath and a stage configured to support a substrate loaded into the plating bath to be disposed in a horizontal direction. The electroplating apparatus further includes a plurality of cathodes disposed on both sides of the substrate and an anode configured to be movable above the substrate. The electroplating apparatus also includes a plurality of spray nozzles disposed on at least one side of the anode and configured to spray a plating solution. The electroplating apparatus further includes a shield which is disposed on both sides of the anode and whose one end is more adjacent to the substrate than the anode.

Provided is an apparatus for electro-forming. The apparatus for electro-forming includes a plating bath which is a space where a substrate is plated and a clamp disposed within the plating bath and configured to grasp the substrate disposed in a horizontal direction. The apparatus for electro-forming further includes an assembly including an anode spaced above the substrate and connected to an external power supply and a plating solution supply unit spaced above the substrate and configured to supply a plating solution. The apparatus for electro-forming also includes a driving unit configured to reciprocate the assembly in a horizontal direction at a distance from the substrate. The assembly further includes an insulator between the anode and the plating solution supply unit.

An electroplating apparatus includes a plating bath and a substrate in a horizontal direction. The electroplating apparatus further includes a plurality of cathodes on first and second sides of the substrate in a first direction on one surface of the substrate, and an anode above the substrate, the anode being spaced apart from the substrate and configured to be movable in the first direction.