Method and apparatus are provided for electroplating a surface area of an internal wall defining a cooling cavity present in a gas turbine engine airfoil component.

The invention provides an improved acoustic energy generating apparatus that includes an improved backing structure. The improved backing structure employs protrusions that are not located in a uniform pattern along a forward side surface of the backing structure, to realize improved re-direction of acoustic energy towards a forward direction relative to the acoustic energy generating apparatus.

A method for creating oil-filled porous anodic oxide coatings for stainless steel is disclosed. The coating has anti-corrosion and omniphobic properties to resist both atmospheric conditions, or other conditions with exposure to vapor, and wet conditions, in which the coating is exposed to and/or immersed in liquid. The anodic oxide coating of the present invention can be made by the steps of cleaning and/or electropolishing a steel substrate, applying anodic oxidation to the steel substrate, washing the steel substrate in an organic solvent, and annealing the substrate at high temperature. To fill the porous coating with an oil, a solvent exchange method may be applied.

A method for creating oil-filled porous anodic oxide coatings for stainless steel is disclosed. The coating has anti-corrosion and omniphobic properties to resist both atmospheric conditions, or other conditions with exposure to vapor, and wet conditions, in which the coating is exposed to and/or immersed in liquid. The anodic oxide coating of the present invention can be made by the steps of cleaning and/or electropolishing a steel substrate, applying anodic oxidation to the steel substrate, washing the steel substrate in an organic solvent, and annealing the substrate at high temperature. To fill the porous coating with an oil, a solvent exchange method may be applied.

A method for preparing thin double-structured composite corrosion resistant and/or passivating coatings that consist of a thin metal oxide-hydroxide subcoating prepared by anodizing the metal substrate materials near-surface part and then provided with an atomic layer deposition (ALD) topmost nanocoating, of e.g. oxide, nitride, carbonate, carbide etc. or their mixes or laminates, or laminates with ceramic and metallic layers, or laminates with inorganic or organic polymers and ceramic layers.

A method for preparing thin double-structured composite corrosion resistant and/or passivating coatings that consist of a thin metal oxide-hydroxide subcoating prepared by anodizing the metal substrate materials near-surface part and then provided with an atomic layer deposition (ALD) topmost nanocoating, of e.g. oxide, nitride, carbonate, carbide etc. or their mixes or laminates, or laminates with ceramic and metallic layers, or laminates with inorganic or organic polymers and ceramic layers.

In examples, an apparatus comprises a substrate having opposite first and second surfaces. The substrate includes a first opening through the substrate. The substrate includes a first sealing layer covering an inner surface of the first opening, with the inner surface extending between the first and second surfaces. The substrate includes contact pads on the second surface. The apparatus also comprises a fluid sensor having a sensor surface facing the second surface and the first opening. The apparatus further includes metal interconnects coupled between the sensor surface and the contact pads. The apparatus also includes a second sealing layer between the second surface and the sensor surface, in which the second sealing layer surrounds the metal interconnects and includes a second opening below the first opening, and at least part of the sensor surface is exposed through the first and second openings.

In examples, an apparatus comprises a substrate having opposite first and second surfaces. The substrate includes a first opening through the substrate. The substrate includes a first sealing layer covering an inner surface of the first opening, with the inner surface extending between the first and second surfaces. The substrate includes contact pads on the second surface. The apparatus also comprises a fluid sensor having a sensor surface facing the second surface and the first opening. The apparatus further includes metal interconnects coupled between the sensor surface and the contact pads. The apparatus also includes a second sealing layer between the second surface and the sensor surface, in which the second sealing layer surrounds the metal interconnects and includes a second opening below the first opening, and at least part of the sensor surface is exposed through the first and second openings.

Template-guided growth of carbon nanotubes using anodized aluminum oxide nanopore templates provides vertically aligned, untangled planarized arrays of multiwall carbon nanotubes with Ohmic back contacts. Growth by catalytic chemical vapor deposition results in multiwall carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters and crystalline quality, but varying lengths. The nanotube lengths can be trimmed to uniform heights above the template surface using ultrasonic cutting, for example. The carbon nanotube site density can be controlled by controlling the catalyst site density. Control of the carbon nanotube site density enables various applications. For example, the highest possible site density is preferred for thermal interface materials, whereas, for field emission, significantly lower site densities are preferable.

Template-guided growth of carbon nanotubes using anodized aluminum oxide nanopore templates provides vertically aligned, untangled planarized arrays of multiwall carbon nanotubes with Ohmic back contacts. Growth by catalytic chemical vapor deposition results in multiwall carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters and crystalline quality, but varying lengths. The nanotube lengths can be trimmed to uniform heights above the template surface using ultrasonic cutting, for example. The carbon nanotube site density can be controlled by controlling the catalyst site density. Control of the carbon nanotube site density enables various applications. For example, the highest possible site density is preferred for thermal interface materials, whereas, for field emission, significantly lower site densities are preferable.