The present invention is to provide a microstructure capable of improving the withstand voltage of an insulating substrate while securing fine conductive paths, a multilayer wiring board, a semiconductor package, and a microstructure manufacturing method. The microstructure of the present invention has an insulating substrate having a plurality of through holes, and conductive paths consisting of a conductive material containing metal filling the plurality of through holes, in which an average opening diameter of the plurality of through holes is 5 nm to 500 nm, an average value of the shortest distances connecting the through holes adjacent to each other is 10 nm to 300 nm, and a moisture content is 0.005% or less with respect to the total mass of the microstructure.

A self-lubricating solid composite coating configured for an application to timepiece mechanisms, including particles of graphene and/or graphene oxide distributed in a metal matrix.

An electrochemical chlorine gas sensor is disclosed with a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode may be coated with a nanoporous gold layer, a first solution comprising an ionic liquid, and a second solution that may be selected from a Nation solution, a chitosan solution, an agar solution, or combinations thereof. The reference and counter electrodes may be further coated with the ionic liquid.

An electrochemical chlorine gas sensor is disclosed with a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode may be coated with a nanoporous gold layer, a first solution comprising an ionic liquid, and a second solution that may be selected from a Nation solution, a chitosan solution, an agar solution, or combinations thereof. The reference and counter electrodes may be further coated with the ionic liquid.

To provide a surface treatment solution and treatment method for gold or gold alloy plating that effectively suppresses corrosion of underlying metal or substrate metal from pinholes that develop on the gold or gold alloy plating film. [Solution] A surface treatment solution containing a disulfide compound is brought into contact with a gold or gold alloy plating film. A compound represented by the following formula (2) is preferred as the disulfide compound.
X.sup.1O.sub.3S—R.sup.3—S—S—R.sup.4—SO.sub.3X.sup.2  (2)
in the formula, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclic alkylene group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or phenylene group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from an alkyl group, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, or alkoxy group, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represent monovalent cations.

To provide a surface treatment solution and treatment method for gold or gold alloy plating that effectively suppresses corrosion of underlying metal or substrate metal from pinholes that develop on the gold or gold alloy plating film. [Solution] A surface treatment solution containing a disulfide compound is brought into contact with a gold or gold alloy plating film. A compound represented by the following formula (2) is preferred as the disulfide compound.
X.sup.1O.sub.3S—R.sup.3—S—S—R.sup.4—SO.sub.3X.sup.2  (2)
in the formula, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclic alkylene group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or phenylene group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from an alkyl group, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, or alkoxy group, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represent monovalent cations.

A system and a method for selectively coating a substrate includes a removable mask including a magnetic member having a first surface contour shaped to conform to the outside surface of the substrate and a magnetizable member having a second surface contour shaped to conform to the inside surface of the substrate. The method for coating the substrate includes magnetically coupling a removable mask to at least one surface of the substrate; forming a coating of a coating material on the at least one surface of the substrate with the magnetically coupled removable mask using a bath containing the coating material; and selectively decoupling the removable mask from the at least one coated surface to reveal a portion of the coated surface without the coating.

A system and a method for selectively coating a substrate includes a removable mask including a magnetic member having a first surface contour shaped to conform to the outside surface of the substrate and a magnetizable member having a second surface contour shaped to conform to the inside surface of the substrate. The method for coating the substrate includes magnetically coupling a removable mask to at least one surface of the substrate; forming a coating of a coating material on the at least one surface of the substrate with the magnetically coupled removable mask using a bath containing the coating material; and selectively decoupling the removable mask from the at least one coated surface to reveal a portion of the coated surface without the coating.

A method of making a light weight component is provided. The method including the steps of: forming a metallic foam core into a desired configuration; inserting a pre-machined component into an opening in the metallic foam core; applying an external metallic shell to an exterior surface of the metallic foam core after it has been formed into the desired configuration and after the pre-machined component has been inserted into the metallic foam core; introducing an acid into an internal cavity defined by the external metallic shell; dissolving the metallic foam core; and removing the dissolved metallic foam core from the internal cavity, wherein the component and the external metallic shell are resistant to the acid.

A method of making a light weight component is provided. The method including the steps of: forming a metallic foam core into a desired configuration; inserting a pre-machined component into an opening in the metallic foam core; applying an external metallic shell to an exterior surface of the metallic foam core after it has been formed into the desired configuration and after the pre-machined component has been inserted into the metallic foam core; introducing an acid into an internal cavity defined by the external metallic shell; dissolving the metallic foam core; and removing the dissolved metallic foam core from the internal cavity, wherein the component and the external metallic shell are resistant to the acid.