The present disclosure generally relates to a method for electroplating (or electrodeposition) a transition metal oxide composition that may be used in gas sensors, biological cell sensors, supercapacitors, catalysts for fuel cells and metal air batteries, nano and optoelectronic devices, filtration devices, structural components, and energy storage devices. The method includes electrodepositing the electrochemically active transition metal oxide composition onto a working electrode in an electrodeposition bath containing a molten salt electrolyte and a transition metal ion source. The electrode structure can be used for various applications such as electrochemical energy storage devices including high power and high-energy primary or secondary batteries.

Customized patient-specific instruments configured to be selectively attached at predetermined locations of a patient's bone are disclosed. The customized patient-specific instruments may include a polymeric body including a bone-facing surface having a customized patient-specific negative contour shaped to match and receive a corresponding positive contour of the patient's bone at the predetermined location. The customized patient-specific instruments also include a metallic coating that defines one or more cutting slots. A method of performing an orthopaedic surgical procedure is also disclosed.

A wiring board is disclosed. The wiring board includes a substrate including a first element, a diffusion layer in contact with the substrate and including a first metal element, and a first metal film in contact with the diffusion layer and including a second metal element. The diffusion layer has at least a region including the first element and the first metal element and a region including the first metal element and the second metal element. A concentration of the second metal element in the diffusion layer may decrease as it approaches the substrate in a depth direction. A concentration of the first element in the diffusion layer may decrease as it approaches the first metal film in the depth direction.

A method of forming a wear-resistant coating on an article includes depositing a chromium coating on a substrate of the article, and subsequently heating the coated article to enhance a plurality of through-cracks within the chromium coating. The method further includes applying a liquid filler material to the coated article such that at least one of the plurality of through-cracks is at least partially occupied by the filler material, and solidifying the liquid filler material

A method of forming a wear-resistant coating on an article includes depositing a chromium coating on a substrate of the article, and subsequently heating the coated article to enhance a plurality of through-cracks within the chromium coating. The method further includes applying a liquid filler material to the coated article such that at least one of the plurality of through-cracks is at least partially occupied by the filler material, and solidifying the liquid filler material

A method of forming an electrode in an electrochemical battery comprises: coating a reticulated substrate with a conductive material; curing the reticulated substrate coated with the conductive material; and electroplating the reticulated substrate coated with the conductive material with a desired metal material.

A method of forming an electrode in an electrochemical battery comprises: coating a reticulated substrate with a conductive material; curing the reticulated substrate coated with the conductive material; and electroplating the reticulated substrate coated with the conductive material with a desired metal material.

Disclosed are pre-wetting apparatus designs and methods. These apparatus designs and methods are used to pre-wet a wafer prior to plating a metal on the surface of the wafer. Disclosed compositions of the pre-wetting fluid prevent corrosion of a seed layer on the wafer and also improve the filling rates of features on the wafer.

A framework of copper oxide dendrites is formed on a copper substrate, and these are then coated or plated with silver, gold, or an equivalent metal to create metal-coated dendrites with nano-structures, favorably in range of 50 to 200 nanometers. The framework of metal-coated dendrites are well suited for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other practical applications.

A process for making a carbon nanotube structure includes forming a composite by depositing or growing carbon nanotubes onto a metal substrate, and infusing the carbon nanotubes. In other aspects, a method of making a wire, includes coating carbon nanotubes on a wire, and electroplating the carbon nanotubes. In still other aspects, a method of making a conductor includes growing or depositing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a sheet. Yet still, a method of making a cable includes forming multiple composite wires, each composite wire formed by depositing or growing carbon nanotubes onto a metal substrate, and performing a metal infusion of the carbon nanotubes. The method also comprises combining multiple finished composite wires or objects to make large cables or straps.