The present invention includes methods of manufacturing a metal infused graphitic material. Also described is how this device may be rendered impermeable. The present invention includes the electroplating/electroless deposition of metal on exposed internal and external surfaces of a porous graphitic substrate. The deposition of metal on the internal structure is accomplished by replacing the void space in the porous substrate with an electrolyte solution containing dissolved metallic species. The plating is initiated either through electrochemical means, electroless means, chemical vapor deposition means, or other means obvious to one familiar in the art of metal plating. A post-deposition bath is also described wherein the plating may be removed from one or both sides of the external surface without impacting the internal pore plating.

An example method of coating a substrate involves cleaning the substrate and, after cleaning the substrate, sensitizing the substrate using a sensitizing solution including tin chloride and hydrochloric acid. The method also involves, after sensitizing the substrate, activating the substrate in an activating solution including palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid. Further, the method involves subsequently neutralizing the substrate using a neutralizing solution including ammonium hydroxide. Still further, the method involves, after neutralizing the substrate, depositing an electroless nickel layer on the substrate. The method may then involve depositing an electrolytic nickel layer on top of the electroless nickel layer, and depositing an outer layer of metallic material, ceramic material, polymeric material, or any combination thereof on top of the electrolytic nickel layer.

An example method of coating a substrate involves cleaning the substrate and, after cleaning the substrate, sensitizing the substrate using a sensitizing solution including tin chloride and hydrochloric acid. The method also involves, after sensitizing the substrate, activating the substrate in an activating solution including palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid. Further, the method involves subsequently neutralizing the substrate using a neutralizing solution including ammonium hydroxide. Still further, the method involves, after neutralizing the substrate, depositing an electroless nickel layer on the substrate. The method may then involve depositing an electrolytic nickel layer on top of the electroless nickel layer, and depositing an outer layer of metallic material, ceramic material, polymeric material, or any combination thereof on top of the electrolytic nickel layer.

The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a coated optical article including providing a non-conductive substrate; forming a conductive coating layer over the substrate; electrodepositing a first electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive coating layer to form a first electrodeposited inorganic coating layer; and electrodepositing a second electrodepositable coating composition over the first electrodeposited coating layer to form a second electrodeposited inorganic coating layer thereover, thereby forming a multi-layer antireflective inorganic coating over the conductive coating layer. Each of the first electrodepositable coating composition and the second electrodepositable coating composition is different one from the other, and each includes a sol prepared from a composition of a metal oxide precursor and protic acid such that each coating composition is hydrolyzed. Coated optical articles are also provided.

The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a coated optical article including providing a non-conductive substrate; forming a conductive coating layer over the substrate; electrodepositing a first electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive coating layer to form a first electrodeposited inorganic coating layer; and electrodepositing a second electrodepositable coating composition over the first electrodeposited coating layer to form a second electrodeposited inorganic coating layer thereover, thereby forming a multi-layer antireflective inorganic coating over the conductive coating layer. Each of the first electrodepositable coating composition and the second electrodepositable coating composition is different one from the other, and each includes a sol prepared from a composition of a metal oxide precursor and protic acid such that each coating composition is hydrolyzed. Coated optical articles are also provided.

Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals, such as self-passivated metals, and of metal-oxide dissolution, effected using a fluoroanion-containing composition. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell utilizing an aluminum-containing anode material and a fluoroanion-containing electrolyte, characterized by high efficiency, low corrosion, and optionally mechanical or electrochemical rechargeability. Also disclosed is a process for fusing (welding, soldering etc.) a self-passivated metal at relatively low temperature and ambient atmosphere, and a method for electrodepositing a metal on a self-passivated metal using metal-oxide source.

Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals, such as self-passivated metals, and of metal-oxide dissolution, effected using a fluoroanion-containing composition. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell utilizing an aluminum-containing anode material and a fluoroanion-containing electrolyte, characterized by high efficiency, low corrosion, and optionally mechanical or electrochemical rechargeability. Also disclosed is a process for fusing (welding, soldering etc.) a self-passivated metal at relatively low temperature and ambient atmosphere, and a method for electrodepositing a metal on a self-passivated metal using metal-oxide source.

A stretchable and transparent electronic structure may generally include a stretchable elastomer layer; optionally, a metal adhesion layer on top of the stretchable elastomer layer; a metal alloying layer on top of the metal adhesion layer; and a liquid metal, wherein the structure is colorless and transparent when viewed under visible light. Methods of making the stretchable and transparent electronic structure are also described.

Provided is an electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, including a carbonaceous material, and nickel electrodeposited on the carbonaceous material, wherein nickel is partially substituted with platinum and the substitution with platinum provides increased hydrogen evolution activity as compared to the same electrocatalyst before substitution with platinum. Also provided are a method for preparing the electrocatalyst and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer using the same. The nickel electrocatalyst coated with an ultralow loading amount of platinum for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis shows excellent hydrogen evolution activity and has a small thickness of catalyst, thereby providing high mass transfer and high catalyst availability. In addition, the electrocatalyst uses a particle-type electrode to facilitate emission of hydrogen bubbles generated during hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen bubbles generated during oxygen evolution reaction, and requires low cost for preparation to provide high cost-efficiency.

Provided is an electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, including a carbonaceous material, and nickel electrodeposited on the carbonaceous material, wherein nickel is partially substituted with platinum and the substitution with platinum provides increased hydrogen evolution activity as compared to the same electrocatalyst before substitution with platinum. Also provided are a method for preparing the electrocatalyst and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer using the same. The nickel electrocatalyst coated with an ultralow loading amount of platinum for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis shows excellent hydrogen evolution activity and has a small thickness of catalyst, thereby providing high mass transfer and high catalyst availability. In addition, the electrocatalyst uses a particle-type electrode to facilitate emission of hydrogen bubbles generated during hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen bubbles generated during oxygen evolution reaction, and requires low cost for preparation to provide high cost-efficiency.