Methods are proposed for fabricating highly pure lithium metal electrodes from aqueous lithium salt solutions by means of electrolysis through lithium ion selective membranes, performed at constant current densities between about 10 mAh/cm.sup.2 and about 50 mAh/cm.sup.2, and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes. The electrolysis is performed under a blanketing atmosphere, the blanketing atmosphere being substantially free of lithium reactive components. Methods are further proposed for vertically integrating the electrolytic fabrication of highly pure lithium metal electrodes into the production of lithium metal batteries, the fabrication of lithium electrodes and lithium metal batteries being performed in a single facility.

Disclosed are a neural electrode for measuring a neural signal and a method for manufacturing the same. The method includes forming a bottom electrode on a substrate, forming a passivation layer exposing a portion of the bottom electrode, forming a metal layer including a gold nano-structure and a silver nano-structure on the bottom electrode, selectively forming the gold nano-structure having porosity by selectively removing the silver nano-structure, forming lower nano-particles on an inner sidewall of the gold nano-structure, and forming an upper nano-coating layer on the lower nano-particles and the inner sidewall of the gold nano-structure.