The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a tubular welding electrode comprising the steps of providing a strip of metal material having a length and first and second surfaces, wherein at least the first surface of the strip is at least substantially coated with nickel or a nickel alloy and then copper or a copper alloy, forming the strip into a “U” shape along the length, filling the “U” shape of the strip with a granular powder flux, and mechanically closing the “U” shape to form a sheath of nickel- and copper-coated metal material that substantially encases the granular powder flux, thus forming a tubular welding electrode. In certain embodiments, the metal material may be steel. In certain other embodiments, the metal material may be nickel or a nickel alloy, which may be at least substantially coated with copper or a copper alloy.

A surface treated copper foil 1 includes a copper foil 2, and a first surface treatment layer 3 formed on one surface of the copper foil 2. The first surface treatment layer 3 of the surface treated copper foil 1 has a Ni concentration of 0.1 to 15.0 atm % based on the total amount of elements of C, N, O, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Si, and Cu, in an XPS depth profile obtained by performing sputtering at a sputtering rate of 2.5 nm/min (in terms of SiO.sub.2) for 1 minute. A copper clad laminate 10 includes the surface treated copper foil 1 and an insulating substrate 11 adhered to the first surface treatment layer 3 of the surface treated copper foil 1.

A method of producing a metal strip coated with a coating, said coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and being electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound and at least one salt for increasing conductivity and at least one acid or one base for setting a desired pH value, onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip into electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution during an electrolysis time. The metal strip is successively passed at a predefined strip travel speed in a strip travel direction through a plurality of electrolysis tanks successively arranged in the strip travel direction. At least the first electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a front group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a first electrolyte solution and the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a rear group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a second electrolyte solution. The second electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

This foil for a secondary battery negative electrode collector (negative electrode-collecting foil 5b) includes a first Cu layer (51) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, a stainless steel layer (52), and a second Cu layer (53) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, which are disposed in this order, a total thickness is 200 μm or less, and 0.01% proof stress is 500 MPa or more.

Described is a cathodic treatment for the electrodeposition of a metal layer securely adherent to the surface of stainless steel objects in an electrolytic bath comprising one or more metals belonging exclusively to the groups from 3 to 12 of the periodic table, excluding the elements nickel, cobalt, cadmium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold and rhenium, and methanesulfonic acid with a concentration of between 100 and 400 g/l. An object of the invention is also a process for applying a metal layer securely adherent to the surface of stainless steel objects, comprising a cathodic treatment as described above. Moreover, the invention further relates to an object comprising stainless steel equipped with a covering obtained by means of a process of the type described.

Discussed is a deposition mask including a metal plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the metal plate including an invar, wherein the metal plate includes a plurality of through-hole, wherein the through-hole includes a first surface hole forming in the first surface, a second surface hole forming in the second surface, and a connecting part through which the first surface hole and the second surface hole communicate with each other, and wherein an angle formed by a virtual line connecting the end of the connecting part and the end of the second surface hole, and a virtual line extending in a direction parallel to the second face from the end of the second surface hole is 30 to 60 degrees.

A steel cord that is suitable for reinforcing rubber articles such as tires. The inventive steel cord enables to completely eliminate the presence of cobalt in a tire when combined with the proper cobalt free compound. Advantageously the steel cord adheres equally well to rubbers containing organic cobalt salts. The inventive wire is different from prior art steel cords in that the brass coating now comprises iron particles. The iron particles have a size between 10 nm and 10 000 nm. The presence of iron mitigates the adhesion retention loss of the rubber to steel cord bond in a hot and humid environment. It is a further advantage that the inventive steel cord does not contain any intentionally added cobalt thereby contributing to the elimination of harmful substances in the production area as well as the environment.

A metal plate for use in manufacture of a deposition mask according to an embodiment is a multilayer metal plate having a thickness of 30 μm or less and containing an alloy of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe), and comprises: a first outer portion occupying an area corresponding to 20% or less of the total thickness of the metal plate from one surface thereof; a second outer portion occupying an area corresponding to 20% or less of the total thickness from the other surface opposite to the one surface; and a central portion except the first outer portion and the second outer portion, wherein the first outer portion and the second outer portion each have a larger nickel content than that of the central portion. The multilayer metal plate for use in manufacture of a deposition mask according to an embodiment is a multilayer metal plate containing an alloy of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe), and is manufactured by a method comprising the steps of: forming a nickel-plated layer; forming an iron-plated layer on the nickel-plated layer; forming a multilayer-plated plate in which the nickel-plated layer and the iron-plated layer are alternately and repeatedly arranged; and heat-treating the multilayer-plated plate at a temperature of 300° C. or higher.

A method for producing a metal strip coated with a coating that contains chromium metal and chromium oxide and is electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip, which is connected as the cathode, into contact with the electrolyte solution. An efficient deposition of coating with a high proportion of chromium oxide is obtained by successively passing the metal strip through a plurality of electrolysis tanks. The electrolyte solution in at least the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or in a rear group of electrolysis tanks has an average temperature of at most 40° C., and the electrolysis time, during which the metal strip is in electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution in the last electrolysis tank or in the rear group of electrolysis tanks is less than 2.0 seconds.

Briefly, a carbon working electrode is described that has a plastic substrate of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or polylactic acid, and may be formed into an elongated wire. The carbon material coats the plastic substrate, and may be, for example, graphene, diamagnetic graphite, pyrolytic graphite, pyrolytic carbon, carbon black, carbon paste, or carbon ink, which is aqueously dispersed in an elastomeric material such as polyurethane, silicone, acrylates or acrylics. Optionally, selected additives may be added to the carbon compound prior to it being layered onto the plastic substrate. These additives may, for example, improve electrical conductivity or sensitivity, or act as a catalyst for target analyte molecules.