In a method, in which a plain bearing alloy layer is bonded to a surface of a backing steel sheet, and, a Bi-based overlay layer is then deposited on the plain bearing alloy layer by electroplating, replacement of Bi with the backing steel sheet and deposition of Bi on the backing steel sheet are prevented. Prior to the step of electroplating of the Bi-based overlay layer, the following metals and the like are formed on at least the back surface of the backing steel sheet. An electrochemically more noble metal than Bi, an electrochemically more base metal than Bi and capable of forming a passivation state, or resin.

In a method, in which a plain bearing alloy layer is bonded to a surface of a backing steel sheet, and, a Bi-based overlay layer is then deposited on the plain bearing alloy layer by electroplating, replacement of Bi with the backing steel sheet and deposition of Bi on the backing steel sheet are prevented. Prior to the step of electroplating of the Bi-based overlay layer, the following metals and the like are formed on at least the back surface of the backing steel sheet. An electrochemically more noble metal than Bi, an electrochemically more base metal than Bi and capable of forming a passivation state, or resin.

In a method, in which a plain bearing alloy layer is bonded to a surface of a backing steel sheet, and, a Bi-based overlay layer is then deposited on the plain bearing alloy layer by electroplating, replacement of Bi with the backing steel sheet and deposition of Bi on the backing steel sheet are prevented. Prior to the step of electroplating of the Bi-based overlay layer, the following metals and the like are formed on at least the back surface of the backing steel sheet. An electrochemically more noble metal than Bi, an electrochemically more base metal than Bi and capable of forming a passivation state, or resin.

A swash plate includes aluminum (Al) as a main component and 3545 wt % of zinc (Zn), 1.53.5 wt % of copper (Cu), 610 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.20.5 wt % of magnesium (Mg) and other inevitable impurities. A method of manufacturing the swash plate is also provided.

A swash plate includes aluminum (Al) as a main component and 3545 wt % of zinc (Zn), 1.53.5 wt % of copper (Cu), 610 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.20.5 wt % of magnesium (Mg) and other inevitable impurities. A method of manufacturing the swash plate is also provided.

A sliding element, such as a piston ring, including a substrate, base coating, and relatively thin sliding coating is provided. The base coating is typically applied to a running surface of the substrate by PVD, CVD, galvanic deposition, electrodeposition, or a thermal spray process. The sliding coating includes a polymer matrix and hard particles disposed throughout the matrix. The sliding coating is applied to the base coating when the base coating is still in its as-applied condition and has a surface roughness of at least 4.0 m. During use of the sliding element, the thin sliding coating acts as a sacrificial run-in layer. In addition, as the polymer matrix of the sliding coating wears away, the hard particles polish the rough surface of the base coating. Thus, polishing or lapping of the as-applied base coating prior to use of the sliding element is not required.

A process for manufacturing an abrasive wire formed by abrasive particles held on a central core by a binder comprises depositing abrasive particles on the central core, each particle comprising a magnetic material that has a relative permeability greater than 50 and that represents at least 1% of the volume of the abrasive particle, and depositing binder on the central core to keep the abrasive particles attached to it. The core has south poles and north poles alternating along either its circumference or its length.

A process for manufacturing an abrasive wire formed by abrasive particles held on a central core by a binder comprises depositing abrasive particles on the central core, each particle comprising a magnetic material that has a relative permeability greater than 50 and that represents at least 1% of the volume of the abrasive particle, and depositing binder on the central core to keep the abrasive particles attached to it. The core has south poles and north poles alternating along either its circumference or its length.

Acid bismuth electroplating baths are stable and have high current efficiency over the life of the baths. The bismuth baths are easy to control because of the reduced number of bath components.

Acid bismuth electroplating baths are stable and have high current efficiency over the life of the baths. The bismuth baths are easy to control because of the reduced number of bath components.