At least one embodiment relates to a method for forming a layer of functional material on an electrically conductive substrate. The method includes depositing an interlayer on the substrate. The interlayer includes a transition metal oxide, a noble metal, or a noble-metal oxide. The interlayer has a thickness between 0.5 nm and 30 nm. The method also includes depositing a functional material precursor layer on the interlayer. Further, the method includes activating the functional material precursor layer by annealing to form the layer of functional material.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for forming a layer of functional material on an electrically conductive substrate. The method includes depositing an interlayer on the substrate. The interlayer includes a transition metal oxide, a noble metal, or a noble-metal oxide. The interlayer has a thickness between 0.5 nm and 30 nm. The method also includes depositing a functional material precursor layer on the interlayer. Further, the method includes activating the functional material precursor layer by annealing to form the layer of functional material.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. The method includes a first anodization step that includes anodizing the valve metal layer in a thickness direction to form a porous layer that includes a plurality of channels. Each channel has channel walls and a channel bottom. The channel bottom is coated with a first insulating metal oxide barrier layer as a result of the first anodization step. The method also includes a protective treatment. Further, the method includes a second anodization step after the protective treatment. The second anodization step substantially removes the first insulating metal oxide barrier layer, induces anodization, and creates a second insulating metal oxide barrier layer. In addition, the method includes an etching step.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. The method includes a first anodization step that includes anodizing the valve metal layer in a thickness direction to form a porous layer that includes a plurality of channels. Each channel has channel walls and a channel bottom. The channel bottom is coated with a first insulating metal oxide barrier layer as a result of the first anodization step. The method also includes a protective treatment. Further, the method includes a second anodization step after the protective treatment. The second anodization step substantially removes the first insulating metal oxide barrier layer, induces anodization, and creates a second insulating metal oxide barrier layer. In addition, the method includes an etching step.

The present invention provides steps of making an index in a tool, and includes a step of preparing a semi-finished tool by using machine to prepare a semi-finished tool; a step of first electro deposited coating to attach a transparent layer on the semi-finished tool by way of electro deposited-coating; a step of laser engraving to make at least one recess in the transparent layer by way of laser engraving, and the at least one recess communicates with the outer surface of the semi-finished tool; a step of second electro deposited coating to fill colored material in the at least one recess by way of electro deposited coating to make the top surface of the colored material be in flush with the top surface of the transparent layer, and a step of trimming to obtain a tool.

The present invention provides steps of making an index in a tool, and includes a step of preparing a semi-finished tool by using machine to prepare a semi-finished tool; a step of first electro deposited coating to attach a transparent layer on the semi-finished tool by way of electro deposited-coating; a step of laser engraving to make at least one recess in the transparent layer by way of laser engraving, and the at least one recess communicates with the outer surface of the semi-finished tool; a step of second electro deposited coating to fill colored material in the at least one recess by way of electro deposited coating to make the top surface of the colored material be in flush with the top surface of the transparent layer, and a step of trimming to obtain a tool.

A modified conductive structure includes a conductive substrate and a polymer film disposed over a surface of the polymer film. A chemical bond exists between the polymer film and the conductive substrate, and the polymer film includes repeating units as shown below:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an antifouling molecule group; B is a sulfur-containing group or a nitrogen-containing group; R is a single bond or a first linking group; C is -L-E, wherein L is a second linking group, E is an enzyme unit; x and z are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 10000, and y is an integer from 1 to 10000; o is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, and when o is an integer from 1 to 50, m and n are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 50.

A modified conductive structure includes a conductive substrate and a polymer film disposed over a surface of the polymer film. A chemical bond exists between the polymer film and the conductive substrate, and the polymer film includes repeating units as shown below:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an antifouling molecule group; B is a sulfur-containing group or a nitrogen-containing group; R is a single bond or a first linking group; C is -L-E, wherein L is a second linking group, E is an enzyme unit; x and z are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 10000, and y is an integer from 1 to 10000; o is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, and when o is an integer from 1 to 50, m and n are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 50.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing a composite material comprising electrically conductive or semiconductive nano-objects of elongate shape and an electrically conductive polymer matrix, said method comprising a step consisting in electrochemically deposing said matrix on said nano-objects using a pulsed galvanostatic technique. The present invention also concerns the composite material thus obtained and uses thereof.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing a composite material comprising electrically conductive or semiconductive nano-objects of elongate shape and an electrically conductive polymer matrix, said method comprising a step consisting in electrochemically deposing said matrix on said nano-objects using a pulsed galvanostatic technique. The present invention also concerns the composite material thus obtained and uses thereof.