A method of preparing a modified-metal surface by attaching a phosphorous-based acid to a surface of a metal: preparing a solution of the phosphorous-based acid in a protic solvent; immersing a strip of a metal work piece into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, immersing a strip of a reference metal into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, supplying a voltage for a duration of time, removing the metal work piece, cleaning the metal work piece, and drying the cleaned metal work piece under an inert atmosphere to obtain a modified metal work piece.

A surface-treated steel sheet including a tin-plated steel sheet having a tin plating on a steel sheet; a tin oxide layer formed on the tin-plated steel sheet and containing tin oxide as a main component; a composite oxide layer formed on the tin oxide layer and containing phosphoric acid and aluminum as main components; and an aluminum-oxygen compound layer formed on the composite oxide layer and containing an aluminum-oxygen compound as a main component, wherein the tin oxide layer has a thickness of 8 to 20 nm.

A surface-treated steel sheet including a tin-plated steel sheet having a tin plating on a steel sheet; a tin oxide layer formed on the tin-plated steel sheet and containing tin oxide as a main component; a composite oxide layer formed on the tin oxide layer and containing phosphoric acid and aluminum as main components; and an aluminum-oxygen compound layer formed on the composite oxide layer and containing an aluminum-oxygen compound as a main component, wherein the tin oxide layer has a thickness of 8 to 20 nm.

A corrosion resistant anode is provided for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride ions. The anode includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a passivation layer coating the substrate; and (3) an electrocatalyst layer coating the passivation layer. Polyanion adjusted alkaline seawater electrolyte for hydrogen generation by electrolysis is also provided.

A corrosion resistant anode is provided for oxygen evolution reaction in water including chloride ions. The anode includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a passivation layer coating the substrate; and (3) an electrocatalyst layer coating the passivation layer. Polyanion adjusted alkaline seawater electrolyte for hydrogen generation by electrolysis is also provided.

Disclosed is a surface anti-corrosion treatment method for stainless steel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing chemical de-oiling and alkaline corrosion treatments on the surface of stainless steel by using a sodium hydroxide solution and a solution containing an alkaline corrosion active agent, and then washing with water; (2) performing, by using an oxidation solution, an oxidation treatment on the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (1), and then washing with water; (3) using the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (2) as a cathode and soaking same in an electrolyte for electrolysis, and then washing with water; and (4) placing the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (3) at a temperature of 50° C.-60° C. under a humidity of 60%-70%, and performing a hardening treatment. Also disclosed are the use of the treatment method in the treatment of a stainless steel part and a stainless steel part obtained after the treatment by means of the treatment method.

Disclosed is a surface anti-corrosion treatment method for stainless steel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing chemical de-oiling and alkaline corrosion treatments on the surface of stainless steel by using a sodium hydroxide solution and a solution containing an alkaline corrosion active agent, and then washing with water; (2) performing, by using an oxidation solution, an oxidation treatment on the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (1), and then washing with water; (3) using the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (2) as a cathode and soaking same in an electrolyte for electrolysis, and then washing with water; and (4) placing the surface of the stainless steel treated in step (3) at a temperature of 50° C.-60° C. under a humidity of 60%-70%, and performing a hardening treatment. Also disclosed are the use of the treatment method in the treatment of a stainless steel part and a stainless steel part obtained after the treatment by means of the treatment method.

The invention relates to a biodegradable implant comprising a surface coated magnesium alloy or zinc alloy product, whereby the coating layer comprises oxides and/or phosphates of from rare-earth elements, Mg, Ca, Zn, Zr, Cu, Fe, Sr, Li, Mn or Ag wherein the coating is preferably generated by plasma electrolytically oxidation (PEO). The invention further comprises a method for preparing the coated magnesium or zinc alloy product of the implant.

The invention relates to a biodegradable implant comprising a surface coated magnesium alloy or zinc alloy product, whereby the coating layer comprises oxides and/or phosphates of from rare-earth elements, Mg, Ca, Zn, Zr, Cu, Fe, Sr, Li, Mn or Ag wherein the coating is preferably generated by plasma electrolytically oxidation (PEO). The invention further comprises a method for preparing the coated magnesium or zinc alloy product of the implant.

There is provided a surface-treated steel sheet (1) comprising: a tin-plated steel sheet (10) obtained by tin-plating a steel sheet (11); a phosphate compound layer (20) containing tin phosphate formed on the tin-plated steel sheet (10); and an aluminum-oxygen compound layer (30) formed on the phosphate compound layer (20), a main constituent of the aluminum-oxygen compound layer being an aluminum-oxygen compound.