An apparatus and method for measuring the isoelectric pH for materials deposited on or otherwise affixed onto and in contact with an electrode surface, and a method for utilizing the isoelectric pH to form nanometer thickness, self-assembled layers on the material, are described. Forming such layers utilizing information obtained about the isoelectric pH values of the substrate and the coating is advantageous since the growth of the coating is self-limiting because once the surface charge has been neutralized there is no longer a driving force for the solid electrolyte coating thickness to increase, and uniform coatings without pinhole defects will be produced because a local driving force for assembly will exist if any bare electrode material is exposed to the solution. The present self-assembly procedure, when combined with electrodeposition, may be used to increase the coating thickness. Self-assembly, with or without additional electrodeposition, allows intimate contact between the anode, electrolyte and cathode which is required for successful application to solid-state batteries, as an example.

There is disclosed a method for producing corrosion and erosion-resistant mixed oxide coatings on a metal substrate, as well as a mixed oxide coating itself. A surface of the substrate metal is oxidized and converted into a first coating compound comprising a primary oxide of that metal by a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process. One or more secondary oxide compounds comprising oxides of secondary elements not present in conventional alloys of the substrate metals at significant (>2 wt %) levels are added to the first oxide coating. The source of the secondary element(s) is at least one of: i) a soluble salt of the secondary element(s) in the electrolyte; ii) an enrichment of the surface of the substrate metal with secondary element(s) prior to PEO processing; and iii) a suspension of the secondary element(s) or oxide(s) of the secondary element(s) applied to the oxide of the metal after this has been formed by the PEO process.

A method of forming a nanodiamond article includes forming a continuous film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition. The continuous film includes greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume. A nanodiamond article includes a continuous film on a substrate having greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume.

A method of forming a nanodiamond article includes forming a continuous film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition. The continuous film includes greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume. A nanodiamond article includes a continuous film on a substrate having greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume.

A method for making a nanodiamond article includes applying an adhesion promoting layer to a substrate, and electrophoretically depositing a nanodiamond film on the substrate with the adhesion promoting layer thereon in a solution to make the nanodiamond article. The nanodiamond article may include a substrate, a nanodiamond film over the substrate, and the adhesion promoting layer between the substrate and the nanodiamond film.

A method for making a nanodiamond article includes applying an adhesion promoting layer to a substrate, and electrophoretically depositing a nanodiamond film on the substrate with the adhesion promoting layer thereon in a solution to make the nanodiamond article. The nanodiamond article may include a substrate, a nanodiamond film over the substrate, and the adhesion promoting layer between the substrate and the nanodiamond film.

The present disclosure discloses a continuous electrophoretic deposition modified carbon fiber reinforced multi-matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, composing of a carbon fiber with a volume fraction of 30-55%, an inorganic powder with a volume fraction of 3-25% and a matrix with a volume fraction of 20-67%, wherein the inorganic powder is wrapped on the surface of the carbon fiber filament or embedded in the carbon fiber bundle, and the concentration gradually decreases from the fiber filament to the surface of the fiber bundle. The preparation method of the composite is as follows: (1) pretreating the carbon fibers; (2) preparing a slurry of the inorganic powder; (3) widening the pretreated carbon fiber to form a carbon fiber strip, and then carrying out electrophoretic deposition on the inorganic powders; (4) preparing a preform from the deposited carbon fibers; and (5) compounding a matrix in the preform.

The present disclosure discloses a continuous electrophoretic deposition modified carbon fiber reinforced multi-matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, composing of a carbon fiber with a volume fraction of 30-55%, an inorganic powder with a volume fraction of 3-25% and a matrix with a volume fraction of 20-67%, wherein the inorganic powder is wrapped on the surface of the carbon fiber filament or embedded in the carbon fiber bundle, and the concentration gradually decreases from the fiber filament to the surface of the fiber bundle. The preparation method of the composite is as follows: (1) pretreating the carbon fibers; (2) preparing a slurry of the inorganic powder; (3) widening the pretreated carbon fiber to form a carbon fiber strip, and then carrying out electrophoretic deposition on the inorganic powders; (4) preparing a preform from the deposited carbon fibers; and (5) compounding a matrix in the preform.

The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a coated optical article including providing a non-conductive substrate; forming a conductive coating layer over the substrate; electrodepositing a first electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive coating layer to form a first electrodeposited inorganic coating layer; and electrodepositing a second electrodepositable coating composition over the first electrodeposited coating layer to form a second electrodeposited inorganic coating layer thereover, thereby forming a multi-layer antireflective inorganic coating over the conductive coating layer. Each of the first electrodepositable coating composition and the second electrodepositable coating composition is different one from the other, and each includes a sol prepared from a composition of a metal oxide precursor and protic acid such that each coating composition is hydrolyzed. Coated optical articles are also provided.

The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a coated optical article including providing a non-conductive substrate; forming a conductive coating layer over the substrate; electrodepositing a first electrodepositable coating composition over the conductive coating layer to form a first electrodeposited inorganic coating layer; and electrodepositing a second electrodepositable coating composition over the first electrodeposited coating layer to form a second electrodeposited inorganic coating layer thereover, thereby forming a multi-layer antireflective inorganic coating over the conductive coating layer. Each of the first electrodepositable coating composition and the second electrodepositable coating composition is different one from the other, and each includes a sol prepared from a composition of a metal oxide precursor and protic acid such that each coating composition is hydrolyzed. Coated optical articles are also provided.