A method and apparatus for fabricating a color-changing thread is described. The method includes providing an aqueous slurry including an encapsulated electrophoretic medium and a binder. The electrophoretic medium includes a first and a second type of electrophoretic particles. The first type of electrophoretic particles have a different charge and color than the second type of electrophoretic particles. The method also includes injecting the aqueous slurry into a fluid reservoir holding an aqueous cross-linker, and forming a hydrogel matrix that entraps the encapsulated electrophoretic medium within a cross-linked binder. The apparatus includes a body housing multiple reservoirs for holding materials used to form color-changing microcapsule threads. Solutions of materials are dispensed simultaneously with a cross-linking agent through a multi-chamber needle form the threads by an ionic cross-linking reaction.

A method and apparatus for fabricating a color-changing thread is described. The method includes providing an aqueous slurry including an encapsulated electrophoretic medium and a binder. The electrophoretic medium includes a first and a second type of electrophoretic particles. The first type of electrophoretic particles have a different charge and color than the second type of electrophoretic particles. The method also includes injecting the aqueous slurry into a fluid reservoir holding an aqueous cross-linker, and forming a hydrogel matrix that entraps the encapsulated electrophoretic medium within a cross-linked binder. The apparatus includes a body housing multiple reservoirs for holding materials used to form color-changing microcapsule threads. Solutions of materials are dispensed simultaneously with a cross-linking agent through a multi-chamber needle form the threads by an ionic cross-linking reaction.

A method of making a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the step of preparing a porous buckypaper layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes. Platinum group metal nanoparticles are deposited in a liquid solution on an outer surface of the buckypaper to create a platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper. A proton conducting electrolyte is deposited on the platinum group metal nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition to create a proton-conducting layer on the an outer surface of the platinum nanoparticles. An additional proton-conducting layer is deposited by contacting the platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a solvent. The platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper is dried to remove the solvent. A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is also disclosed.

A method of making a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the step of preparing a porous buckypaper layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes. Platinum group metal nanoparticles are deposited in a liquid solution on an outer surface of the buckypaper to create a platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper. A proton conducting electrolyte is deposited on the platinum group metal nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition to create a proton-conducting layer on the an outer surface of the platinum nanoparticles. An additional proton-conducting layer is deposited by contacting the platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper with a liquid proton-conducting composition in a solvent. The platinum group metal nanoparticle buckypaper is dried to remove the solvent. A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is also disclosed.

A layered coating film according to the present invention includes a lower coat 30 including a first coloring material and a bright material, and an upper coat 20 superposed on the lower coat and including a second coloring material. The upper coat and the lower coat have similar colors. The refractive index of a film constituent of the lower coat other than the first coloring material is higher than the refractive index of a film constituent of the upper coat other than the second coloring material.

A layered coating film according to the present invention includes a lower coat 30 including a first coloring material and a bright material, and an upper coat 20 superposed on the lower coat and including a second coloring material. The upper coat and the lower coat have similar colors. The refractive index of a film constituent of the lower coat other than the first coloring material is higher than the refractive index of a film constituent of the upper coat other than the second coloring material.

The present invention is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a main vehicle comprising a phosphatized epoxy resin, a plasticizer, and a curing agent, wherein the main vehicle comprises a low-VOC main vehicle. The present invention is also directed to coatings and coated substrates.

The present invention is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a main vehicle comprising a phosphatized epoxy resin, a plasticizer, and a curing agent, wherein the main vehicle comprises a low-VOC main vehicle. The present invention is also directed to coatings and coated substrates.

There is provided a biocompatible material for delivering a biological molecule to target location, the material comprising: a hydrogel matrix material, a divalent cation-phosphate nanoparticle (in particular Calcium Phosphate), and a biological molecule (in particular a nucleic acid) complexed with the nanoparticle; wherein the nanoparticle is embedded within the hydrogel matrix material. The biocompatible material, particularly when in a 3D form, can be used in the treatment of various diseases. A preferred method of embedding the nanoparticles and biological molecules in the matrix is by electrophoretic transfer.

There is provided a biocompatible material for delivering a biological molecule to target location, the material comprising: a hydrogel matrix material, a divalent cation-phosphate nanoparticle (in particular Calcium Phosphate), and a biological molecule (in particular a nucleic acid) complexed with the nanoparticle; wherein the nanoparticle is embedded within the hydrogel matrix material. The biocompatible material, particularly when in a 3D form, can be used in the treatment of various diseases. A preferred method of embedding the nanoparticles and biological molecules in the matrix is by electrophoretic transfer.