Cathodic electrocoating compositions and methods for coating electrically conductive substrates are provided. An exemplary cathodic electrocoating composition includes an aqueous carrier and a film forming binder dispersed in the carrier. Further, the cathodic electrocoating composition includes chitosan as an edge protective agent.

Examples of a dual injection-molded metal substrate have been described. In an example, a dual injection-molded metal substrate includes a magnesium alloy layer injection-molded on a portion of a first surface of an injection-molded aluminum alloy substrate.

Oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion, at least part whereof is coated with a layer of a corrosion-inhibiting material, that has been applied to at least the part of the threaded portion of the oil well pipe component by means of a method comprising a cataphoresis step from an aqueous bath, said method comprising providing the oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion; immersing at least part of the threaded portion of the pipe component in a cataphoresis bath comprising water and suspended particles of corrosion-inhibiting material, and provided with an anode and a cathode means, the pipe component being connected to the cathode means; inducing a current through the bath, in order to provide the corrosion-inhibiting material with a positive charge; depositing a layer of the positively charged corrosion-inhibiting material onto the pipe component; and removing the immersed part of the pipe component with the layer of corrosion-inhibiting material from the cataphoresis bath and allowing the corrosion-inhibiting material to set.

Oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion, at least part whereof is coated with a layer of a corrosion-inhibiting material, that has been applied to at least the part of the threaded portion of the oil well pipe component by means of a method comprising a cataphoresis step from an aqueous bath, said method comprising providing the oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion; immersing at least part of the threaded portion of the pipe component in a cataphoresis bath comprising water and suspended particles of corrosion-inhibiting material, and provided with an anode and a cathode means, the pipe component being connected to the cathode means; inducing a current through the bath, in order to provide the corrosion-inhibiting material with a positive charge; depositing a layer of the positively charged corrosion-inhibiting material onto the pipe component; and removing the immersed part of the pipe component with the layer of corrosion-inhibiting material from the cataphoresis bath and allowing the corrosion-inhibiting material to set.

A method for forming an enzymatic biosensor includes preparing a first deposition solution comprising an enzyme, placing a substrate in the first deposition solution, applying an electrical potential to a working electrode of the substrate to deposit the enzyme on the working electrode, placing the substrate in a second deposition solution comprising electro-polymerizable monomers, and passing a current through the working electrode to polymerize the monomers to form an electropolymerized polymer layer over the enzyme deposited on the working electrode.

This invention provides a cationic electrodeposition paint composition comprising an amino-group-containing epoxy resin (A), a blocked polyisocyanate compound (B), and a modified imidazole (C) having a specific structure, wherein the cationic electrodeposition paint composition satisfies the following (i) or (ii), or both: (i) the cationic electrodeposition paint composition further comprises a rust inhibitor (D) or (ii) a blocking agent (b-2) of the blocked polyisocyanate compound (B) is an oxime-based compound (b-2-1) and/or a pyrazole-based compound (b-2-2).

This invention provides a cationic electrodeposition paint composition comprising an amino-group-containing epoxy resin (A), a blocked polyisocyanate compound (B), and a modified imidazole (C) having a specific structure, wherein the cationic electrodeposition paint composition satisfies the following (i) or (ii), or both: (i) the cationic electrodeposition paint composition further comprises a rust inhibitor (D) or (ii) a blocking agent (b-2) of the blocked polyisocyanate compound (B) is an oxime-based compound (b-2-1) and/or a pyrazole-based compound (b-2-2).

Examples of an alloy injection molded liquid metal substrate are described. In an example, an alloy injection molded liquid metal substrate includes a liquid metal substrate and an alloy injection molded on a first surface of the liquid metal substrate.

A system to electrohydrodynamically pattern a material includes a first electrode having a first voltage, a second electrode having a second voltage that is different from the first voltage, one or more materials to be patterned residing between the first electrode and the second electrode, a gap between at least one surface of at least one of the materials to be patterned and one of the first or second electrodes, at least one patterning material in the gap, wherein the patterning material is a material other than air, and at least one filling material filling any remainder of the gap.

A system to electrohydrodynamically pattern a material includes a first electrode having a first voltage, a second electrode having a second voltage that is different from the first voltage, one or more materials to be patterned residing between the first electrode and the second electrode, a gap between at least one surface of at least one of the materials to be patterned and one of the first or second electrodes, at least one patterning material in the gap, wherein the patterning material is a material other than air, and at least one filling material filling any remainder of the gap.