A surface treatment method for an aluminum exterior part of a vehicle includes: pre-treating the aluminum exterior part comprising aluminum or an aluminum alloy; etching a surface of the pre-treated aluminum exterior part by immersing the pre-treated aluminum exterior part in an etching solution; forming an oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum exterior part by immersing the aluminum exterior part, which is subjected to the etching, in a hydrothermal synthetic solution; and forming an electrodeposition coating layer on the surface of the aluminum exterior part, which is subjected to the forming the oxide layer.

Provided is a chemical conversion treatment agent that has a small impact on the environment and can ensure good post-coating corrosion resistance regardless of the target of treatment. A chemical conversion treatment agent including: at least one type (A) of element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and hafnium; at least one type (B) of substance selected from the group consisting of amino group-including silane coupling agents, hydrolysates thereof, and polymers thereof; fluorine (C); and a cationic urethane resin (D). Preferably, the content of (A) is 20-10000 mass ppm in total in terms of metals, and the pH is 1.5-6.5.

Oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion, at least part whereof is coated with a layer of a corrosion-inhibiting material, that has been applied to at least the part of the threaded portion of the oil well pipe component by means of a method comprising a cataphoresis step from an aqueous bath, said method comprising providing the oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion; immersing at least part of the threaded portion of the pipe component in a cataphoresis bath comprising water and suspended particles of corrosion-inhibiting material, and provided with an anode and a cathode means, the pipe component being connected to the cathode means; inducing a current through the bath, in order to provide the corrosion-inhibiting material with a positive charge; depositing a layer of the positively charged corrosion-inhibiting material onto the pipe component; and removing the immersed part of the pipe component with the layer of corrosion-inhibiting material from the cataphoresis bath and allowing the corrosion-inhibiting material to set.

Oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion, at least part whereof is coated with a layer of a corrosion-inhibiting material, that has been applied to at least the part of the threaded portion of the oil well pipe component by means of a method comprising a cataphoresis step from an aqueous bath, said method comprising providing the oil well pipe component comprising a threaded portion; immersing at least part of the threaded portion of the pipe component in a cataphoresis bath comprising water and suspended particles of corrosion-inhibiting material, and provided with an anode and a cathode means, the pipe component being connected to the cathode means; inducing a current through the bath, in order to provide the corrosion-inhibiting material with a positive charge; depositing a layer of the positively charged corrosion-inhibiting material onto the pipe component; and removing the immersed part of the pipe component with the layer of corrosion-inhibiting material from the cataphoresis bath and allowing the corrosion-inhibiting material to set.

A steel alloy workpiece and a method for making a press-hardened steel (PHS) component using the steel alloy workpiece is provided. The steel alloy workpiece includes between about 1.0 and 5.0 weight percent chromium, between about 0.5 and 2.0 weight percent silicon, and a surface having a predetermined imprinted pattern. The imprinted pattern includes one of a plurality of overlapping nested sinusoidal waves and a honey-comb pattern, and ascribes a surface roughness of between about 1.0 microns and 2.5 microns. The method includes providing the steel alloy workpiece, heating the workpieces at a predetermined time and temperature, hot stamping the workpieces into the PHS component, quenching the PHS component at a predetermined quench rate, and e-coating the PHS component. The e-coating is applied directly onto the surface of the PHS component.

A steel alloy workpiece and a method for making a press-hardened steel (PHS) component using the steel alloy workpiece is provided. The steel alloy workpiece includes between about 1.0 and 5.0 weight percent chromium, between about 0.5 and 2.0 weight percent silicon, and a surface having a predetermined imprinted pattern. The imprinted pattern includes one of a plurality of overlapping nested sinusoidal waves and a honey-comb pattern, and ascribes a surface roughness of between about 1.0 microns and 2.5 microns. The method includes providing the steel alloy workpiece, heating the workpieces at a predetermined time and temperature, hot stamping the workpieces into the PHS component, quenching the PHS component at a predetermined quench rate, and e-coating the PHS component. The e-coating is applied directly onto the surface of the PHS component.

An electrocoat system for electrodeposition is described. The system includes an inorganic bismuth-containing compound or a mixture of inorganic and organic bismuth-containing compounds. The system demonstrates a high degree of crosslinking and produces a cured coating with optimal crosslinking and corrosion resistance.

A radiative cooling substrate and a manufacturing method of the radiative cooling substrate are provided. The radiative cooling substrate includes a metallic substrate and a chitosan layer disposed on the metallic substrate with a thickness of 0.5 m to 10 m. The chitosan layer emits radiation within a waveband between 8 m and 13 m.

A radiative cooling substrate and a manufacturing method of the radiative cooling substrate are provided. The radiative cooling substrate includes a metallic substrate and a chitosan layer disposed on the metallic substrate with a thickness of 0.5 m to 10 m. The chitosan layer emits radiation within a waveband between 8 m and 13 m.

A product according to one embodiment includes a first layer having a first composition, a first microstructure, and a first density; and a second layer above the first layer, the second layer having: a second composition, a second microstructure, and/or a second density. A gradient in composition, microstructure, and/or density exists between the first layer and the second layer, and either or both of the first layer and the second layer comprise non-spherical particles aligned along a longitudinal axis thereof.