To form graphene to a practically even thickness on an object having an uneven surface or a complex surface, in particular, an object having a surface with a three-dimensional structure due to complex unevenness, or an object having a curved surface. The object and an electrode are immersed in a graphene oxide solution, and voltage is applied between the object and the electrode. At this time, the object serves as an anode. Graphene oxide is attracted to the anode because of being negatively charged, and deposited on the surface of the object to have a practically even thickness. A portion where graphene oxide is deposited is unlikely coated with another graphene oxide. Thus, deposited graphene oxide is reduced to graphene, whereby graphene can be formed to have a practically even thickness on an object having surface with complex unevenness.

To form graphene to a practically even thickness on an object having an uneven surface or a complex surface, in particular, an object having a surface with a three-dimensional structure due to complex unevenness, or an object having a curved surface. The object and an electrode are immersed in a graphene oxide solution, and voltage is applied between the object and the electrode. At this time, the object serves as an anode. Graphene oxide is attracted to the anode because of being negatively charged, and deposited on the surface of the object to have a practically even thickness. A portion where graphene oxide is deposited is unlikely coated with another graphene oxide. Thus, deposited graphene oxide is reduced to graphene, whereby graphene can be formed to have a practically even thickness on an object having surface with complex unevenness.

A system for producing technetium-99m from molybdate-100. The system comprises: a target capsule apparatus for housing a Mo-100-coated target plate; a target capsule pickup apparatus for engaging and delivering the target cell apparatus into a target station apparatus; a target station apparatus for receiving and mounting therein the target capsule apparatus. The target station apparatus is engaged with a cyclotron for irradiating the Mo-100-coated target plate with protons. The irradiated target capsule apparatus is transferred to a receiving cell apparatus comprising a dissolution/purification module for receiving therein a proton-irradiated Mo-100-coated target plate. A conveyance conduit infrastructure interconnects: (i) the target capsule pickup apparatus with the target station apparatus, (ii) the target station apparatus and the receiving cell apparatus; and (iii) the receiving cell apparatus and the dissolution/purification module.

A system for producing technetium-99m from molybdate-100. The system comprises: a target capsule apparatus for housing a Mo-100-coated target plate; a target capsule pickup apparatus for engaging and delivering the target cell apparatus into a target station apparatus; a target station apparatus for receiving and mounting therein the target capsule apparatus. The target station apparatus is engaged with a cyclotron for irradiating the Mo-100-coated target plate with protons. The irradiated target capsule apparatus is transferred to a receiving cell apparatus comprising a dissolution/purification module for receiving therein a proton-irradiated Mo-100-coated target plate. A conveyance conduit infrastructure interconnects: (i) the target capsule pickup apparatus with the target station apparatus, (ii) the target station apparatus and the receiving cell apparatus; and (iii) the receiving cell apparatus and the dissolution/purification module.

In order to provide a method for fault analysis in an industrial-method plant, for example a painting plant, by means of which fault situations are analysable simply and reliably, it is proposed according to the invention that the method should comprise the following: in particular automatic recognition of a fault situation in the industrial-method plant (101); storage of a fault situation data set for the respective recognised fault situation, in a fault database (136); automatic determination of a cause of the fault for the fault situation and/or automatic determination of process values that are relevant to the fault situation, on the basis of the fault data set of a respective recognised fault situation.

A method of forming a nanodiamond article includes forming a continuous film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition. The continuous film includes greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume. A nanodiamond article includes a continuous film on a substrate having greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume.

A method of forming a nanodiamond article includes forming a continuous film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition. The continuous film includes greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume. A nanodiamond article includes a continuous film on a substrate having greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume.

A method for making a nanodiamond article includes applying an adhesion promoting layer to a substrate, and electrophoretically depositing a nanodiamond film on the substrate with the adhesion promoting layer thereon in a solution to make the nanodiamond article. The nanodiamond article may include a substrate, a nanodiamond film over the substrate, and the adhesion promoting layer between the substrate and the nanodiamond film.

The present invention is directed towards an electrocoating system for electrocoating a substrate (500), the system comprising a tank (100) configured to hold an electrodepositable coating composition; at least one pump (200) in fluid communication with the tank, at least one return conduit (210) connecting the tank with an inlet of the pump, at least one recirculating pipe (300) comprising a first end in fluid communication with an outlet of the pump and a second end having at least one aperture, and the at least one recirculating pipe comprising at least one external electrode (400) positioned at least partially outside of the tank. Also disclosed herein are methods of coating substrates, systems for coating a substrate, and coated substrates.

Cathodic electrocoating compositions and methods for coating electrically conductive substrates are provided. An exemplary cathodic electrocoating composition includes an aqueous carrier and a film forming binder dispersed in the carrier. Further, the cathodic electrocoating composition includes chitosan as an edge protective agent.