Methods are provided for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate. The method may include: applying a negative charge to the surface of the substrate; electrophoretically depositing a slurry layer onto the surface of the substrate; and densifying the slurry layer on the surface of the substrate at a sintering temperature to form a sintered layer of the coating. The slurry layer may include a plurality of EBC material particles, a cationic polyelectrolyte, a plurality of polymeric binder particles, and a solvent. The plurality of EBC material particles may comprise barium strontium aluminosilicate (BSAS), mullite, silicon, rare earth compounds, or combinations thereof.

A method to produce a light-emitting device package includes mounting junctions on pads of a metalized substrate, where the junctions are at least partially electrically insulated from each other, and forming wavelength converters, where each wavelength converter is located over a different junction and separated by a gap from neighboring wavelength converters.

A method to produce a light-emitting device package includes mounting junctions on pads of a metalized substrate, where the junctions are at least partially electrically insulated from each other, and forming wavelength converters, where each wavelength converter is located over a different junction and separated by a gap from neighboring wavelength converters.

A coating system includes an electrocoat (e-coat) bath having an e-coat fluid with a first amount of dissolved gases, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers mounted on at least two sides of the e-coat bath, a carrier frame and control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to control a trajectory of a metal part dipped in the e-coat bath using the carrier frame, control the plurality of ultrasonic transducers to direct a plurality of acoustic waves at a defined ultrasonic operating frequency and at a first intensity to cause a plurality of localized pressure drops in the e-coat fluid, the first amount of dissolved gases is reduced or removed as bubbles from the e-coat fluid of the e-coat bath based on the directed plurality of acoustic waves, and increase the first intensity of the directed plurality of acoustic waves over a defined time period to accelerate dispersion of an e-coat pigment.

A coating system includes an electrocoat (e-coat) bath having an e-coat fluid with a first amount of dissolved gases, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers mounted on at least two sides of the e-coat bath, a carrier frame and control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to control a trajectory of a metal part dipped in the e-coat bath using the carrier frame, control the plurality of ultrasonic transducers to direct a plurality of acoustic waves at a defined ultrasonic operating frequency and at a first intensity to cause a plurality of localized pressure drops in the e-coat fluid, the first amount of dissolved gases is reduced or removed as bubbles from the e-coat fluid of the e-coat bath based on the directed plurality of acoustic waves, and increase the first intensity of the directed plurality of acoustic waves over a defined time period to accelerate dispersion of an e-coat pigment.

An electrodeposition coating method includes a degreasing/cleaning step, a chemical conversion step, and an electrodeposition coating layer formation step. The degreasing/cleaning step includes a degreasing step of ultrasonically vibrating a degreasing solution in which a target object is immersed, using an ultrasonic vibrator. The electrodeposition coating layer formation step includes: a first electrodeposition step; a first rinsing step; a rinse water removal/reduction step of removing or reducing rinse water on a rinse water stagnating surface of the target object; a thermal flow step of allowing the first electrodeposition coating film to thermally flow so that the first electrodeposition coating film formed on a portion of the target object near a first counter electrode has a higher electrical resistance than the first electrodeposition coating film formed on a portion of the target object far from the first counter electrode; and a second electrodeposition step.

An electrodeposition coating method includes a degreasing/cleaning step, a chemical conversion step, and an electrodeposition coating layer formation step. The degreasing/cleaning step includes a degreasing step of ultrasonically vibrating a degreasing solution in which a target object is immersed, using an ultrasonic vibrator. The electrodeposition coating layer formation step includes: a first electrodeposition step; a first rinsing step; a rinse water removal/reduction step of removing or reducing rinse water on a rinse water stagnating surface of the target object; a thermal flow step of allowing the first electrodeposition coating film to thermally flow so that the first electrodeposition coating film formed on a portion of the target object near a first counter electrode has a higher electrical resistance than the first electrodeposition coating film formed on a portion of the target object far from the first counter electrode; and a second electrodeposition step.

A coated metal alloy substrate for an electronic device, a process for producing a coated metal alloy substrate for an electronic device and a housing for an electronic device, comprising a coated metal alloy substrate wherein the coated metal alloy CA substrate comprises at least one chamfered edge (1) and comprises: a passivation layer (2) deposited on the at least one chamfered edge (1); an electrophoretic deposition layer (3) deposited on the passivation layer (2); and a hydrophobic layer (4) deposited on the electrophoretic deposition layer (3).

A coated metal alloy substrate for an electronic device, a process for producing a coated metal alloy substrate for an electronic device and a housing for an electronic device, comprising a coated metal alloy substrate wherein the coated metal alloy CA substrate comprises at least one chamfered edge (1) and comprises: a passivation layer (2) deposited on the at least one chamfered edge (1); an electrophoretic deposition layer (3) deposited on the passivation layer (2); and a hydrophobic layer (4) deposited on the electrophoretic deposition layer (3).

Provided is a method of manufacturing an electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells, the method including: preparing a hydrogel membrane; immersing the hydrogel membrane in an electrolyzing solution containing iodine or iodide such that the hydrogel membrane is impregnated with iodide ions; and drying the hydrogel membrane.