Provided is a method of producing a transdermal absorption sheet using an electroforming mold. A method of manufacturing an electroforming mold includes preparing a mold which is a matrix having a recessed pattern, immersing the mold in a degassed pretreatment liquid stored in a pretreatment liquid tank, then applying ultrasound waves generated from an ultrasound oscillator to the recessed pattern of the mold, and filling recessed portions constituting the recessed pattern with the pretreatment liquid. By immersing the mold in an electroforming tank and performing an electroforming treatment, an electroforming mold is manufactured. A mold having a recessed pattern is manufactured from the electroforming mold and a transdermal absorption sheet is produced using the mold.

Provided is a method of producing a transdermal absorption sheet using an electroforming mold. A method of manufacturing an electroforming mold includes preparing a mold which is a matrix having a recessed pattern, immersing the mold in a degassed pretreatment liquid stored in a pretreatment liquid tank, then applying ultrasound waves generated from an ultrasound oscillator to the recessed pattern of the mold, and filling recessed portions constituting the recessed pattern with the pretreatment liquid. By immersing the mold in an electroforming tank and performing an electroforming treatment, an electroforming mold is manufactured. A mold having a recessed pattern is manufactured from the electroforming mold and a transdermal absorption sheet is produced using the mold.

A method of producing a metal strip coated with a coating, said coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and being electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound and at least one salt for increasing conductivity and at least one acid or one base for setting a desired pH value, onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip into electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution during an electrolysis time. The metal strip is successively passed at a predefined strip travel speed in a strip travel direction through a plurality of electrolysis tanks successively arranged in the strip travel direction. At least the first electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a front group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a first electrolyte solution and the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a rear group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a second electrolyte solution. The second electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

A method of producing a metal strip coated with a coating, said coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and being electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound and at least one salt for increasing conductivity and at least one acid or one base for setting a desired pH value, onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip into electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution during an electrolysis time. The metal strip is successively passed at a predefined strip travel speed in a strip travel direction through a plurality of electrolysis tanks successively arranged in the strip travel direction. At least the first electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a front group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a first electrolyte solution and the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a rear group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a second electrolyte solution. The second electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

An electroplating apparatus is provided that minimizes unplated regions when an alloy plating layer is provided on the surface of a thread on a steel pipe. An electroplating apparatus (10) includes an electrode (1), sealing members (2, 3), and a plating-solution supply unit (4). The electrode (1) faces the thread (Tm). The sealing member (2) is positioned within the steel pipe (P1). The sealing member (3) is attached to the end portion of the steel pipe (P1) and, together with the sealing member (2), forms a receiving space (8). The plating-solution supply unit (4) includes a plurality of nozzles (42). The nozzles (42) are positioned within the receiving space (8) and adjacent one end of the thread (Tm) and arranged around the pipe axis of the steel pipe (P1). The plating-solution supply unit (4) injects a plating solution between the thread (Tm) and electrode (1) through the nozzles (42). The direction in which plating solution is injected from the nozzles (42) is inclined at an angle larger than 20 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees toward the thread (Tm) relative to a plane perpendicular to the pipe axis.

An electroplating apparatus is provided that minimizes unplated regions when an alloy plating layer is provided on the surface of a thread on a steel pipe. An electroplating apparatus (10) includes an electrode (1), sealing members (2, 3), and a plating-solution supply unit (4). The electrode (1) faces the thread (Tm). The sealing member (2) is positioned within the steel pipe (P1). The sealing member (3) is attached to the end portion of the steel pipe (P1) and, together with the sealing member (2), forms a receiving space (8). The plating-solution supply unit (4) includes a plurality of nozzles (42). The nozzles (42) are positioned within the receiving space (8) and adjacent one end of the thread (Tm) and arranged around the pipe axis of the steel pipe (P1). The plating-solution supply unit (4) injects a plating solution between the thread (Tm) and electrode (1) through the nozzles (42). The direction in which plating solution is injected from the nozzles (42) is inclined at an angle larger than 20 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees toward the thread (Tm) relative to a plane perpendicular to the pipe axis.

A plating apparatus and an operation method thereof are provided. The plating apparatus includes: a tank body including at least one side wall, the at least one side wall being provided with an opening extending from the inside to the outside of the tank body, and the tank body being configured to accommodate a plating solution; and a fixing device configured to fix the substrate at the opening of the side wall. The operation method of the plating apparatus includes: placing the substrate on an outer side of the side wall and at the position of the opening, and operating the fixing device to fix the substrate; and performing plating treatment on the substrate.

A plating apparatus and an operation method thereof are provided. The plating apparatus includes: a tank body including at least one side wall, the at least one side wall being provided with an opening extending from the inside to the outside of the tank body, and the tank body being configured to accommodate a plating solution; and a fixing device configured to fix the substrate at the opening of the side wall. The operation method of the plating apparatus includes: placing the substrate on an outer side of the side wall and at the position of the opening, and operating the fixing device to fix the substrate; and performing plating treatment on the substrate.

Provided is a film forming apparatus for forming a metal film, capable of uniformly pressurizing a substrate surface with an electrolyte membrane subjected to the fluid pressure of an electrolytic solution containing metal ions during film formation even when an insoluble anode is used. A housing of the apparatus includes a partition member between the anode and the electrolyte membrane, for partitioning a housing chamber into first and second housing chambers. The partition member includes a porous body impregnated with cation exchange resin. The first housing chamber houses the anode insoluble in a first electrolytic solution. The second housing chamber has formed therein a hermetically sealed space in which a second electrolytic solution containing metal ions is enclosed within the housing, by the electrolyte membrane and the partition member. The apparatus is also provided with a pump (pressure unit) that pressurizes the second electrolytic solution in the second housing chamber.

Provided is a film forming apparatus for forming a metal film, capable of uniformly pressurizing a substrate surface with an electrolyte membrane subjected to the fluid pressure of an electrolytic solution containing metal ions during film formation even when an insoluble anode is used. A housing of the apparatus includes a partition member between the anode and the electrolyte membrane, for partitioning a housing chamber into first and second housing chambers. The partition member includes a porous body impregnated with cation exchange resin. The first housing chamber houses the anode insoluble in a first electrolytic solution. The second housing chamber has formed therein a hermetically sealed space in which a second electrolytic solution containing metal ions is enclosed within the housing, by the electrolyte membrane and the partition member. The apparatus is also provided with a pump (pressure unit) that pressurizes the second electrolytic solution in the second housing chamber.