The present invention relates to an electrolyte and to a method for the electrolytic deposition of silver coatings and silver alloy coatings. The electrolyte according to the invention is cyanide-free, storage-stable and ensures the deposition of high-gloss, brilliant and white silver and silver alloy layers for technical and decorative applications.

High surface area coatings are applied to solid substrates to increase the surface area available for solid-phase synthesis of polymers. The high surface area coatings use three-dimensional space to provide more area for functional groups to bind polymers than an untreated solid substrate. The polymers may be oligonucleotides, polypeptides, or another type of polymer. The solid substrate is a rigid supportive layer made from a material such as glass, a silicon material, a metal material, and plastic. The coating may be thin films, hydrogels, microparticles. The coating may be made from a metal oxide, a high-κ dielectric, a low-κ dielectric, an etched metal, a carbon material, or an organic polymer. The functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, amine groups, thiolate groups, alkenes, n-alkenes, alkalines, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters, polyaniline, aminosilane groups, silanized oxides, oligothiophenes, and diazonium compounds. Techniques for applying coatings to solid substrates and attaching functional groups are also disclosed.

High surface area coatings are applied to solid substrates to increase the surface area available for solid-phase synthesis of polymers. The high surface area coatings use three-dimensional space to provide more area for functional groups to bind polymers than an untreated solid substrate. The polymers may be oligonucleotides, polypeptides, or another type of polymer. The solid substrate is a rigid supportive layer made from a material such as glass, a silicon material, a metal material, and plastic. The coating may be thin films, hydrogels, microparticles. The coating may be made from a metal oxide, a high-κ dielectric, a low-κ dielectric, an etched metal, a carbon material, or an organic polymer. The functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, amine groups, thiolate groups, alkenes, n-alkenes, alkalines, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters, polyaniline, aminosilane groups, silanized oxides, oligothiophenes, and diazonium compounds. Techniques for applying coatings to solid substrates and attaching functional groups are also disclosed.

A pretreatment method for pretreating components, which are each formed of at least two different materials, prior to a coating process. The pretreatment method includes the steps: alkaline degreasing; chemical pickling in a first pickling medium; anodic pickling in a second pickling medium; and cathodic degreasing.

A pretreatment method for pretreating components, which are each formed of at least two different materials, prior to a coating process. The pretreatment method includes the steps: alkaline degreasing; chemical pickling in a first pickling medium; anodic pickling in a second pickling medium; and cathodic degreasing.

The present invention relates to a textile material-based porous water splitting catalyst and a preparation method therefor, and the textile material-based porous water splitting catalyst according to the present invention comprises: a porous textile support (10) formed by the inter-crossing of a plurality of fibers (11); binding layers (20) formed on the surface of the fibers (11); conductive layers (30) comprising nanoparticle layers (31), which comprise metal nanoparticles and are formed on the binding layers (20), and monomolecular layers (33), which comprise a monomolecular material containing an amine group (NH2) and are formed on the nanoparticle layers (31); and catalyst layers (40) which comprises a catalytic metal, and which is formed on the conductive layers (30) by the electroplating of the catalytic metal.

A plating apparatus that allows shielding a specific portion of a substrate at a desired timing is achieved. The plating apparatus includes a plating tank 410 for housing a plating solution, an anode 430 arranged in the plating tank 410, a substrate holder 440 for holding a substrate Wf with a surface to be plated facing downward, a rotation mechanism 447 for rotating the substrate holder 440, and a shielding mechanism 460 moving a shielding member 482 between the anode 430 and the substrate Wf depending on a rotation angle of the substrate holder 440.

A plating apparatus that allows shielding a specific portion of a substrate at a desired timing is achieved. The plating apparatus includes a plating tank 410 for housing a plating solution, an anode 430 arranged in the plating tank 410, a substrate holder 440 for holding a substrate Wf with a surface to be plated facing downward, a rotation mechanism 447 for rotating the substrate holder 440, and a shielding mechanism 460 moving a shielding member 482 between the anode 430 and the substrate Wf depending on a rotation angle of the substrate holder 440.

A surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention includes a base steel sheet and a Ni—Co—Fe alloy-plated layer on at least one surface of the base steel sheet, in which, in the alloy-plated layer, a Ni coating weight is 7.1 to 18.5 g/m.sup.2, a Co coating weight is 0.65 to 3.6 g/m.sup.2, and a total of the Ni coating weight and the Co coating weight is in a range of 9.0 to 20.0 g/m.sup.2. In a surface layer of the alloy-plated layer, a Co concentration is in a range of 20 to 60 atom %, and a Fe concentration is in a range of 5 to 30 atom %. In the alloy-plated layer, a region having a thickness of 2 μm or more, in which a total of a Ni concentration and the Co concentration is 10 atom % or more and the Fe concentration is 5 atom % or more, is present. The base steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, and a ferrite grain size number is 10 or more.

A cold- or hot-rolled steel strip with a metallic coating, the steel strip having iron as the main constituent and, in addition to carbon, an Mn content of 8.1 to 25.0 wt. % and optionally one or more of the alloying elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo. The uncoated steel strip is first cleaned, a layer of pure iron is applied to the cleaned surface, an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer containing more than five mass percent of oxygen is applied to the layer of pure iron. The steel strip is then annealed and is reduction-treated in a reducing furnace atmosphere during the annealing treatment to obtain a surface consisting mainly of metallic iron. The steel strip is then hot-dip coated with the metallic coating. This creates uniform and reproducible bonding conditions for the coating on the steel strip surface.