A method of producing an abrasion resistant anodized coating on a magnesium containing article. The method including mixing a chemical slurry including a quantity of an aqueous soluble hydroxide, a fluoride composition, at least one of silicate or vanadate, and between about 5 g/L and about 150 g/L of at least one physical property modifying agent, immersing a magnesium containing article in the chemical slurry, and applying at least one of an electrical current or electrical potential to the magnesium containing article to promote a chemical reaction on a surface of the magnesium containing article resulting in the growth of an abrasion resistant porous magnesium oxide layer on a surface of the magnesium containing article.

A method for microstructure modification of conducting lines is provided. An electroplating process is performed to deposit the metal thin film/conducting line(s) with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and a preferred crystallographic orientation over a surface of a substrate. The metal thin film/ conducting line(s) is subsequently subjected to a thermal annealing process to modify its microstructure with the grain sizes in a range of 5 μm to 100 μm. The thermal annealing process is conducted at the temperature of above 25 degrees Celsius and below 240 degrees Celsius.

There is provided a substrate holder for holding a substrate including a first holding member having a first opening portion for exposing a first surface of the substrate, and a second holding member configured to hold the substrate together with the first holding member and having a second opening portion for exposing a second surface of the substrate, wherein the first holding member has at least one first external connection contact, and the second holding member has at least one second external connection contact that is independent of the first external connection contact.

There is provided a substrate holder for holding a substrate including a first holding member having a first opening portion for exposing a first surface of the substrate, and a second holding member configured to hold the substrate together with the first holding member and having a second opening portion for exposing a second surface of the substrate, wherein the first holding member has at least one first external connection contact, and the second holding member has at least one second external connection contact that is independent of the first external connection contact.

A method for galvanic application of a surface coating, in particular a chromium coating, to a body, for example a machine component. Before the galvanic application of the surface coating, a layer of a compound that can be oxidized by an electrolyte solution that is used, preferably a polyhydroxy compound with a viscosity of at least 1000 mPas at 25° C., is applied to the body. A method for galvanic application of a surface coating, in particular a chromium coating, to a body, for example a machine component, wherein the surface coating is carried out in a closed reactor in an at least two-stage, preferably three-stage process, is also disclosed. An electrolyte solution contained in the reactor at a temperature T1 for carrying out a subsequent process stage is substituted by an electrolyte solution at a temperature T2≠T1. A device for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

A method for galvanic application of a surface coating, in particular a chromium coating, to a body, for example a machine component. Before the galvanic application of the surface coating, a layer of a compound that can be oxidized by an electrolyte solution that is used, preferably a polyhydroxy compound with a viscosity of at least 1000 mPas at 25° C., is applied to the body. A method for galvanic application of a surface coating, in particular a chromium coating, to a body, for example a machine component, wherein the surface coating is carried out in a closed reactor in an at least two-stage, preferably three-stage process, is also disclosed. An electrolyte solution contained in the reactor at a temperature T1 for carrying out a subsequent process stage is substituted by an electrolyte solution at a temperature T2≠T1. A device for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

Systems and methods for coating a metallic component are provided. In one embodiment, a metallic coating may be disposed in a plating bath comprising AlBr3. The metallic coating may be coupled with, or configured as, a working electrode. A counter electrode formed of aluminum may be disposed within the plating bath. An electric current may be applied between the two electrodes resulting in the electrodeposition of aluminum on the metallic component. In one particular embodiment, the plating bath may include LiBr, KBr and CsBr, with AlBr.sub.3 being present in an amount of approximately 80 percent or greater by weight. Various types of metals may be coated with aluminum using embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, the methods and systems described herein are amenable to coating of complex geometries.

Systems and methods for coating a metallic component are provided. In one embodiment, a metallic coating may be disposed in a plating bath comprising AlBr3. The metallic coating may be coupled with, or configured as, a working electrode. A counter electrode formed of aluminum may be disposed within the plating bath. An electric current may be applied between the two electrodes resulting in the electrodeposition of aluminum on the metallic component. In one particular embodiment, the plating bath may include LiBr, KBr and CsBr, with AlBr.sub.3 being present in an amount of approximately 80 percent or greater by weight. Various types of metals may be coated with aluminum using embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, the methods and systems described herein are amenable to coating of complex geometries.

This disclosure includes coatings for increasing the physical and/or chemical properties of articles, for example, tubular metal articles such as those found in the oil and gas industry, as well as processes for making such coatings and articles comprising such coatings.

This disclosure includes coatings for increasing the physical and/or chemical properties of articles, for example, tubular metal articles such as those found in the oil and gas industry, as well as processes for making such coatings and articles comprising such coatings.